Being a Christian Today

The Final Warning

2012-01-27T06:42:00.000-08:00

Exodus 11:1-10

“And the LORD said unto Moses, Yet will I bring one plague more upon Pharaoh, and upon Egypt; afterwards he will let you go hence: when he shall let you go, he shall surely thrust you out hence altogether.” (Exodus 11:1)

When a person delivers an ultimatum, he has in effect said he will no longer consider anything the other party offers. There can be no further negotiations. It is essentially what every bully does, threatening his victim if he is not given what he wants. This leaves the other side two choices, either capitulate and give up their interests completely or refuse and take the consequences. He has to decide how important his position is, knowing that he is no longer considered of value.

Using ultimatums always causes resentment because no one likes being bullied, and eventually results in rebellion. Many marriages break down up because bullying with ultimatums creates such resentment. Many civil wars result from the same bullying tactics by a political party or leader. It is tearing the United States apart today. As both parties try to bully the other.

People who care about the one being bullied often intervene. Though I had no fights in High School, seeing my younger brother being bullied by a boy several years older, I grabbed the bully and threw him over a nearby fence telling him he better not ever bother my brother again. Pharaoh told Moses that he would be killed if he ever approached him again. God promised there would be no further need for negotiation. Not only would Pharaoh allow them to leave, he would drive them out.

“Speak now in the ears of the people, and let every man borrow of his neighbour, and every woman of her neighbour, jewels of silver, and jewels of gold. And the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians. Moreover the man Moses was very great in the land of Egypt, in the sight of Pharaoh's servants, and in the sight of the people.” (Exodus 11:2-3)

For four hundred years, the Israelites had worked for the Egyptians without pay. Now God told them to go to the Egyptians and ask for money, and jewelry. While Pharaoh was concerned with getting his way, the Egyptian people were wanting relief. They recognized Moses’ power and were happy to give what the Jews asked in hopes they wouldn’t have to suffer any more.

“And Moses said, Thus saith the LORD, About midnight will I go out into the midst of Egypt: And all the firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sitteth upon his throne, even unto the firstborn of the maidservant that is behind the mill; and all the firstborn of beasts. And there shall be a great cry throughout all the land of Egypt, such as there was none like it, nor shall be like it any more.

But against any of the children of Israel shall not a dog move his tongue, against man or beast: that ye may know how that the LORD doth put a difference between the Egyptians and Israel. And all these thy servants shall come down unto me, and bow down themselves unto me, saying, Get thee out, and all the people that follow thee: and after that I will go out. And he went out from Pharaoh in a great anger.” ” (Exodus 11:4-8)

This time God didn’t give Pharaoh a choice. He just told him what was going to happen. Because they had refused to allow the Hebrews to leave, God was going to kill the oldest male baby in every family and of every animal in the land of Egypt at midnight. Pharaoh’s son would die at the same time as that of his poorest subject. As a special sign to Pharaoh, the might this happened, there wouldn’t even be dog barking at one of the Israelites. When it was over, the people would beg the Israelites to leave, and Pharaoh would be forced to allow it if he wanted to retain his position.. Moses went away frustrated and angry that anyone could be so stubborn as to inflict such suffering on other people when they were already begging him to change his stance.

For many years I thought Pharaoh must be abnormally self centered, but as I have watched governments in country after country, I have begun to realize he was just typical of those who seek their own power. Eventually they reach a point where nothing matters but getting their own way.

“And the LORD said unto Moses, Pharaoh shall not hearken unto you; that my wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt.

And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh: and the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go out of his land.” (Exodus 11:9-10)

Once again God warned Moses that Pharaoh wouldn’t listen. God did not make Pharaoh so stubborn, but each trial was chosen to cause him to become more determined to have his own way. At any point Pharaoh could have allowed the Jews to go. His repeated refusal to heed permitted God to reveal his power to both the Egyptians and the Jews.

Economic Destruction

2012-01-26T09:51:00.000-08:00

Genesis 10:1-20

“And the LORD said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh: for I have hardened his heart, and the heart of his servants, that I might show these my signs before him: And that thou mayest tell in the ears of thy son, and of thy son's son, what things I have wrought in Egypt, and my signs which I have done among them; that ye may know how that I am the LORD.” (Genesis 10:1-2)

Pharaoh had repeatedly ignored the plight of both Israel and his own people in refusing to acknowledge God. Genesis 6:3 warns, “…My spirit shall not always strive with man…” While God gives mankind repeated chances, there is a cutoff point. From this point on, Pharaoh would become increasingly irrational in his decisions. In the last few years we have seen several dictators reach this same point and eventually are overthrown.

God caused Pharaoh to become so determined to have his way he could no longer understand the consequences in order to accomplish his purpose, and his supporters would have the same attitude. God will use that attitude to show Israel his power and give them memories to inspire faith in future generations.

“And Moses and Aaron came in unto Pharaoh, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD God of the Hebrews, How long wilt thou refuse to humble thyself before me? let my people go, that they may serve me.

Else, if thou refuse to let my people go, behold, to morrow will I bring the locusts into thy coast: And they shall cover the face of the earth, that one cannot be able to see the earth: and they shall eat the residue of that which is escaped, which remaineth unto you from the hail, and shall eat every tree which groweth for you out of the field: And they shall fill thy houses, and the houses of all thy servants, and the houses of all the Egyptians; which neither thy fathers, nor thy fathers' fathers have seen, since the day that they were upon the earth unto this day. And he turned himself, and went out from Pharaoh.” (Exodus 10:4-6)

Pharaoh was not willing to give up his pride and acknowledge there was anything he couldn’t control. The next event would be a plague of locusts such as they had never seen. A writer described living through infestations of locusts in Africa, stating that there were so many they stripped every bit edible plant even gnawing bark off trees and paint off buildings, leaving the ground completely bare behind them. Fortunately their paths were usually only a few miles wide. The Egyptians were familiar with these attacks, and understood exactly what was being described. When Moses said it would be worse than they had ever seen, it got their attention.

“And Pharaoh's servants said unto him, How long shall this man be a snare unto us? let the men go, that they may serve the LORD their God: knowest thou not yet that Egypt is destroyed?” (Exodus 10:7)

During Joseph’s time Egypt had saved a vast reserve of food that when coupled with what they were able to produce each year enabled them to survive. Government policies had eliminated the reserves. Both the hail and the livestock disease had wiped out most of their cattle, and the blood in the river had decimated the fish, largely eliminating those sources of food. The hail and fire had destroyed the early crops making them totally dependent on the later ones. They were facing food shortages even without the locusts and even a normal invasion of locusts would be disastrous. The people themselves begged Pharaoh to just set Israel free.

“And Moses and Aaron were brought again unto Pharaoh: and he said unto them, Go, serve the LORD your God: but who are they that shall go?

And Moses said, We will go with our young and with our old, with our sons and with our daughters, with our flocks and with our herds will we go; for we must hold a feast unto the LORD.

And he said unto them, Let the LORD be so with you, as I will let you go, and your little ones: look to it; for evil is before you. Not so: go now ye that are men, and serve the LORD; for that ye did desire. And they were driven out from Pharaoh's presence.” (Exodus 10:8-11)

Under pressure from his own constituency Pharaoh demanded more information and a what initially sounded like a compromise. They would be allowed to go, but only if they left their families and belongings behind. In many ways his offer resembles those of our American administration and congress, with neither party willing to give any significant concessions, and the results were the same. Their discussions broke down and Pharaoh drove Moses and Aaron out, accusing them of causing the problems.

“And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand over the land of Egypt for the locusts, that they may come up upon the land of Egypt, and eat every herb of the land, even all that the hail hath left.

And Moses stretched forth his rod over the land of Egypt, and the LORD brought an east wind upon the land all that day, and all that night; and when it was morning, the east wind brought the locusts. And the locusts went up over all the land of Egypt, and rested in all the coasts of Egypt: very grievous were they; before them there were no such locusts as they, neither after them shall be such. For they covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land was darkened; and they did eat every herb of the land, and all the fruit of the trees which the hail had left: and there remained not any green thing in the trees, or in the herbs of the field, through all the land of Egypt.” (Exodus 10:12-15)

The results of Pharaoh’s refusal to change his policies were entirely predictable. The remainder of Egypt’s food supply was wiped out, ensuring famine and possible economic collapse. For several years, Egypt would be dependent on outside sources for at least part of their food. It finally soaked in on Pharaoh that the crisis could not just be blown off.

“Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron in haste; and he said, I have sinned against the LORD your God, and against you. Now therefore forgive, I pray thee, my sin only this once, and entreat the LORD your God, that he may take away from me this death only.” (Exodus 10:16-17)

Finally acknowledging that his policies had played a part in what had happened, Pharaoh requested that Moses pray for God to take away the locusts that were destroying their land before there was nothing left to save.

“And he went out from Pharaoh, and entreated the LORD. And the LORD turned a mighty strong west wind, which took away the locusts, and cast them into the Red sea; there remained not one locust in all the coasts of Egypt.

But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go.” (Exodus 10:18-20)

Pharaoh was desperate to get something done, and would say or do almost anything, but as soon as there was a sign that things might not get worse, he went back to doing the same things. He still was not committed to making real change.

In my years as pastor, I have dealt with a great many people about everything from Alcoholism and drug use to financial and marital problems. I have watched people with diabetes, emphysema, and heart trouble. Many of them would temporarily cut back on the harmful activities, dieting or reducing their spending or smoking for a while resulting in temporary relief, Convinced they had solved the problem, they resumed the activity, quickly getting into even worse shape. Only those who committed to fundamental changes obtained permanent solutions.

It makes no difference whether we are discussing an individual, a business, or a government system, Problems will only be resolved when there is a willingness to make fundamental changes. Because there does not appear to be much willingness to make real changes in the modern way of life, I see little hope for a economic recovery or real revival today. However, just as individuals who took appropriate action to protect their property from the hail were spared most of the damage, individuals who act today can avoid most of the suffering that will entail for those who refuse.

“And Pharaoh said unto him, Get thee from me, take heed to thyself, see my face no more; for in that day thou seest my face thou shalt die. And Moses said, Thou hast spoken well, I will see thy face again no more.” (Exodus 10:28-29)

Pharaoh refused to even consider any other alternatives. He threatened to kill them if they opposed him any more. He still blamed Moses, rather than God.

Extreme Weather

2012-01-25T09:57:00.000-08:00

Exodus 9:13-29

“And the LORD said unto Moses, Rise up early in the morning, and stand before Pharaoh, and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD God of the Hebrews, Let my people go, that they may serve me. For I will at this time send all my plagues upon thine heart, and upon thy servants, and upon thy people; that thou mayest know that there is none like me in all the earth. For now I will stretch out my hand, that I may smite thee and thy people with pestilence; and thou shalt be cut off from the earth.

And in very deed for this cause have I raised thee up, for to show in thee my power; and that my name may be declared throughout all the earth. As yet exaltest thou thyself against my people, that thou wilt not let them go? ” (Exodus 9:13-17)

Satan had used man’s pride to deceive Eve, promising she’d be like God. Humans have been trying to act as Gods so they can make the rules themselves ever since. The Egyptian culture had exalted Pharaoh as a God, and he was capitalizing on his exaltation.
Had Pharaoh simply given them the freedom to worship as they asked, his authority would never have come into question. By refusing their request he could demonstrate his godlike power over them, satisfying his pride.

God had chosen to make Pharaoh king because his stubbornness and pride would prevent giving in until all the Egyptians knew his position and power did not make him a god. They would know who God was and understand that his power did not derive from their approval. A less stubborn person might have yielded when the waters of the Nile turned to blood, preventing God from demonstrating his power.

We sometimes get frustrated with the attitude of our leaders, but God has placed them there. They may well be there to enable God to demonstrate his power in our country, because the people have forgotten who God is. I’m sure that had a poll been taken at the time, it would have shown growing discontent with his policies. The people gained nothing from his refusal to let the Israelites go, but they suffered from the frogs, lice and flies more than he did. The effects of each of the prior plagues except the death of the cattle was relatively short lived. The effects of the next plague would last a long time.

“Behold, to morrow about this time I will cause it to rain a very grievous hail, such as hath not been in Egypt since the foundation thereof even until now. Send therefore now, and gather thy cattle, and all that thou hast in the field; for upon every man and beast which shall be found in the field, and shall not be brought home, the hail shall come down upon them, and they shall die.” (Exodus 9:18-19)

Epidemics seldom wipe out entire populations because of the body’s ability to produce antibodies to destroy antigens, and because not all have equal exposure, although they may reduce the population to such a level as to make it susceptible to other factors. Some of each species of cattle had survived the murrain, although it crossed all the species. The hail that God would send would beat anything that was exposed to death. Moses warned them to get themselves and their surviving cattle into shelter if they wanted to have any left.

“He that feared the word of the LORD among the servants of Pharaoh made his servants and his cattle flee into the houses: And he that regarded not the word of the LORD left his servants and his cattle in the field.” (Exodus 9:20-21)

Time after time advance warnings have been give about wildfires, floods and hurricanes. There seems to always be a group of people who ignore the warnings and refuse to evacuate or take appropriate action. Having seen what happened when Moses warned them before, some heeded the warning and took action while others refused to believe it would be that serious.

“And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch forth thine hand toward heaven, that there may be hail in all the land of Egypt, upon man, and upon beast, and upon every herb of the field, throughout the land of Egypt.

And Moses stretched forth his rod toward heaven: and the LORD sent thunder and hail, and the fire ran along upon the ground; and the LORD rained hail upon the land of Egypt. So there was hail, and fire mingled with the hail, very grievous, such as there was none like it in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation. And the hail smote throughout all the land of Egypt all that was in the field, both man and beast; and the hail smote every herb of the field, and brake every tree of the field. Only in the land of Goshen, where the children of Israel were, was there no hail.” (Exodus 9:23-26)

People who have seen the Hail storms in the plains or the southwestern deserts have some understanding of what this storm may have been like. Hail as large as golf balls is common and some larger than a baseball has been recorded, and it may last for a prolonged time. I have seen as much as a foot on the ground after a storm. Animals and birds are sometimes killed by such storms. Fortunately such storms are usually confined to a relatively small area.

Severe lightening may accompany such a storm, and because dry soil is such a poor conductor of electricity it runs along the surface of the ground creating what is known as St. Elmo’s fire or starting wild fires. This storm was more widespread than normal, covering all of Egypt, except for Goshen where the Jews lived.

“And Pharaoh sent, and called for Moses and Aaron, and said unto them, I have sinned this time: the LORD is righteous, and I and my people are wicked. Entreat the LORD (for it is enough) that there be no more mighty thunderings and hail; and I will let you go, and ye shall stay no longer.” (Exodus 9:27-28)

Egypt was dependent on their crops for their survival. Always before such a hailstorm had been limited to a small area, and few had been so intense as to destroy crops and livestock throughout the land. Pharaoh acknowledged that perhaps God did have power and authority greater than his own and that he and his people had been wrong in refusing to obey. Frequently such storms come in groups and he asked Moses to pray that there wouldn’t be any more. In return, he promised to allow them to go as they had requested.

“And Moses said unto him, As soon as I am gone out of the city, I will spread abroad my hands unto the LORD; and the thunder shall cease, neither shall there be any more hail; that thou mayest know how that the earth is the Lord's. But as for thee and thy servants, I know that ye will not yet fear the LORD God.” (Exodus 9:29-30)

Moses was sure it was just another campaign promise to get what Pharaoh wanted, but he agreed to pray and get the storm ended, to further reinforce the fact that God was control. He knew that as soon as there was no longer a threat they would change their mind, probably insisting it was just a fluke of nature.

“And the flax and the barley was smitten: for the barley was in the ear, and the flax was bolled. But the wheat and the rie were not smitten: for they were not grown up.” (Exodus 9:31-32)

While most of the crops were not developed sufficiently to be seriously damaged, the barley was almost ready to be picked and the seed heads were shattered by the hail, scattering all the grain on the ground, making it impossible to recover. Modern day wheat farmers usually carry insurance against such damage. The flax was almost ready to harvest, and the stalks were brittle. The hail broke down the stalks, ruining the fibers they would have produced. It was a major blow to Egypt’s economy, and might require years for full recovery.

“And Moses went out of the city from Pharaoh, and spread abroad his hands unto the LORD: and the thunders and hail ceased, and the rain was not poured upon the earth. And when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunders were ceased, he sinned yet more, and hardened his heart, he and his servants. And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, neither would he let the children of Israel go; as the LORD had spoken by Moses.” (Exodus 9:33-35)

Just as Moses had said, as soon as they felt safe, Pharaoh and his advisors again decided to break their promise. Sometimes it seems ridiculous that a ruler would be so stubborn, but things are really no different today. Governments in both Europe and the United States have persisted in seeking an end to the present crisis while refusing to address the underlying spiritual and moral issues that caused it.

Increased Suffering Hardens Pharaoh’s Resolve

2012-01-24T11:25:00.000-08:00

Exodus 9:1-12

Moses had gone to Pharaoh four times to request Israel be allowed to go out to worship God. Determined to demonstrate his control over them, Pharaoh refused each time. Twice he had promised to release them, then broken his word. Like rulers the world over, because of his position he was able to avoid much of the suffering of his people. Many people cling determinedly to their position, in an effort to avoid the perceived embarrassment of admitting they made a mistake. Such stubbornness is always costly, but each time Pharaoh became more determined to win.

“Then the LORD said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh, and tell him, Thus saith the LORD God of the Hebrews, Let my people go, that they may serve me. For if thou refuse to let them go, and wilt hold them still, Behold, the hand of the LORD is upon thy cattle which is in the field, upon the horses, upon the asses, upon the camels, upon the oxen, and upon the sheep: there shall be a very grievous murrain. And the LORD shall sever between the cattle of Israel and the cattle of Egypt: and there shall nothing die of all that is the children's of Israel.

And the LORD appointed a set time, saying, To morrow the LORD shall do this thing in the land. And the LORD did that thing on the morrow, and all the cattle of Egypt died: but of the cattle of the children of Israel died not one.” (Exodus 9:1-6)

God gave Pharaoh another chance to let Israel go, warning him that refusal would result in the Egyptian’s livestock dying while the Israelites cattle would remain safe. Like so many, Pharaoh viewed God’s forbearance as weakness and continued to refuse. Romans 2:4 warns of the consequences. “Or despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance and longsuffering; not knowing that the goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance? But after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest up unto thyself wrath against the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God;” Pharaoh’s stubbornness only increased the level of suffering fo himself and his people.

The Egyptian cattle did not develop a disease that slowly killed the herds, but died almost immediately, and unlike most livestock diseases, it was not limited to one or two species. The term Murrain used here refers only to a contagious and deadly disease. It must have been frightening to the people, wondering if the disease would spread to humans.

“And Pharaoh sent, and, behold, there was not one of the cattle of the Israelites dead. And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the people go.” (Exodus 9:7)

Government employees were sent out to report how much the food supply would be affected by the plague. What a surprise to learn it had been confined to the Egyptian cattle and nothing had been lost among the Israelites.

Millions died of the Black plague in Europe, but it was almost unknown in Jewish communities, largely as a result of their hygiene and sanitation efforts. The Jews were accused of having “witched” the other people and were often attacked and killed. Even today, people usually blame others for their problems and attempt to punish them. Pharaoh blamed the Jews and refused to allow them to go.

“And the LORD said unto Moses and unto Aaron, Take to you handfuls of ashes of the furnace, and let Moses sprinkle it toward the heaven in the sight of Pharaoh. And it shall become small dust in all the land of Egypt, and shall be a boil breaking forth with blains upon man, and upon beast, throughout all the land of Egypt.” (Exodus 9:8-9)

Pharaoh had been warned what would happen if the people were not allowed to go, but refused to free them after the fact. God directed Moses to just take handfuls of ashes and throw them into the air where Pharaoh could see him. Those ashes would cause boils on every person or animal they touched. The boils would develop an infectious core which would swella dn burst spreading the infection to other areas.

“And they took ashes of the furnace, and stood before Pharaoh; and Moses sprinkled it up toward heaven; and it became a boil breaking forth with blains upon man, and upon beast. And the magicians could not stand before Moses because of the boils; for the boil was upon the magicians, and upon all the Egyptians. “ (Exodus 9:10-11)

As a teenager, I developed a boil on my shoulder. It was tremendously painful making it difficult to use my left arm. It also erupted staining my shirt with blood and yellow pus. I have no difficulty understanding why the Magicians could not stand before Moses. Both the pain and the embarrassment would be almost unbearable.

“And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had spoken unto Moses.” (Exodus 9:12)

Used to always having his own way, Pharaoh resented being told he had to obey someone else. It is not surprising that the same term mad was used for being angry as for being crazy. When people allow their anger to control them, they often act as if they were insane, and totally without thought. They literally allow Satan to take control of their mind. As his resentment grew, Pharaoh became increasingly angry at Israel and Moses, and more determined not to yield to God, whatever the cost.

Upping The Ante

2012-01-23T10:55:00.000-08:00

Exodus 8:16-32

Pharaoh had treated the river turning to blood as no big deal simply waiting for it all to wash away. He had been compelled to request Moses’ help in getting rid of the frogs, promising to allow the people to go worship God, but once they were gone he reneged on his promise. The pressure was off so he didn’t have to act, and God didn’t give him another warning.

“And the LORD said unto Moses, Say unto Aaron, Stretch out thy rod, and smite the dust of the land, that it may become lice throughout all the land of Egypt. And they did so; for Aaron stretched out his hand with his rod, and smote the dust of the earth, and it became lice in man, and in beast; all the dust of the land became lice throughout all the land of Egypt.” (Exodus 8:16-17)

Right after they were married at the start of the Depression, my granddad and grandma moved into a little one room house. After sweeping it out and setting th furniture in, Granddad went to start his new job while Grandma made the beds and put everything away. After a while she started a fire and started preparing supper. When she turned around she thought there must have been a bunch of dust fall from the ceiling as her pretty quilt was almost hidden by brown stuff, but as she looked she realized it was moving around. Looking closer she discovered the bed was almost completely covered with lice. They didn’t spend the night there!

Later they learned that a prior owner had used the house for a chicken house until it got infested with lice, and various intervening owners had moved out because of them. When Grandma started the fire and got the house warm the lice hatched. Granddad and Grandma wound up having to stay with his parents for a while until the lice could be exterminated. There weren’t any other houses available.

Apparently the invasion of the lice in Egypt was very much the same, with lice crawling on everything, biting and sucking blood from man and beast. It got people’s attention right away. For a people who had very high standards of Hygiene it must have been particularly distressing.

“And the magicians did so with their enchantments to bring forth lice, but they could not: so there were lice upon man, and upon beast. Then the magicians said unto Pharaoh, This is the finger of God: and Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had said.” (Exodus 8:18-19)

Pharaoh wanted the magicians to imitate the miracle like they had the others, and discredit Moses and Aaron again, but they couldn’t do it, probably to their own relief. They tried to convince him that it was God’s doing, but Pharaoh refused to even to ask Moses to get rid of them, much less accede to God’s demands. He’d to show them.

“And the LORD said unto Moses, Rise up early in the morning, and stand before Pharaoh; lo, he cometh forth to the water; and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Let my people go, that they may serve me. Else, if thou wilt not let my people go, behold, I will send swarms of flies upon thee, and upon thy servants, and upon thy people, and into thy houses: and the houses of the Egyptians shall be full of swarms of flies, and also the ground whereon they are.” (Exodus 8:20-21)

Even before the Lice had been destroyed, Moses and Aaron met Pharaoh on his way to the river. They warned him about swarms of flies. It probably didn’t seem like much of a threat at the time, but after living near a city dump for a little while I can tell you that even flies that don’t bite can be a real nuisance. Some flies like our local deer fly inflict bites at least as painful as a wasp sting, and even cows will flee from the area and avoid returning. Cows are not very sensitive to pain, and people quickly learn to avoid the places cows don’t go. It was not an idle threat.

“And I will sever in that day the land of Goshen, in which my people dwell, that no swarms of flies shall be there; to the end thou mayest know that I am the LORD in the midst of the earth. And I will put a division between my people and thy people: to morrow shall this sign be.” (Exodus 8:22-23)

To make it clear the Lord’s displeasure was directed against Egypt, God would ensure that the flies did not migrate to Goshen where Israel lived. To further reinforce the fact that it was done by God, the flies would arrive the following day.

“And the LORD did so; and there came a grievous swarm of flies into the house of Pharaoh, and into his servants' houses, and into all the land of Egypt: the land was corrupted by reason of the swarm of flies.” (Exodus 8:24)

It is pretty disgusting having flies crawl on everything laying eggs, but having maggots develop in wounds, animal’s eye sockets and body orifices or in food products within a matter of hours is even worse. Unchecked, we are told that the progeny of a single pair of flies would completely bury Texas several inches deep in a single summer. Even Pharaoh could not completely escape them.

“And Pharaoh called for Moses and for Aaron, and said, Go ye, sacrifice to your God in the land.” (Exodus 8:25)

Unwilling to give all they asked, Pharaoh offered a compromise, that they could offer their sacrifices in the local area, perhaps a local park, but that they couldn’t leave the area or take more than a few hours off.

“And Moses said, It is not meet so to do; for we shall sacrifice the abomination of the Egyptians to the LORD our God: lo, shall we sacrifice the abomination of the Egyptians before their eyes, and will they not stone us? We will go three days' journey into the wilderness, and sacrifice to the LORD our God, as he shall command us.” (Exodus 8:26-27)

Moses replied that the worship of God would entail rituals that the Egyptians might find offensive and result in their being attacked. In any case they were sacred to the Jews and should not be subject to scrutiny and derision..

“And Pharaoh said, I will let you go, that ye may sacrifice to the LORD your God in the wilderness; only ye shall not go very far away: entreat for me.” (Exodus 8:28)

Pharaoh agreed to allow them to go far enough they would not be closely observed if they would get rid of the flies, but he still would not allow them to act freely.

“And Moses said, Behold, I go out from thee, and I will entreat the LORD that the swarms of flies may depart from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his people, to morrow: but let not Pharaoh deal deceitfully any more in not letting the people go to sacrifice to the LORD.” (Exodus 8:29)

Moses agreed to ask the Lord to take away the flies, but warned Pharaoh he better not break his promise again.

“And Moses went out from Pharaoh, and entreated the LORD. And the LORD did according to the word of Moses; and he removed the swarms of flies from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his people; there remained not one. And Pharaoh hardened his heart at this time also, neither would he let the people go.” (Exodus 8:30-32)

Pharaoh had only promised to convince Moses to get rid of the flies, he had no intention of letting them go. As soon as the flies were gone, he broke the promise, believing he wouldn’t be held to it.

Frogs In The Kitchen

2012-01-20T09:55:00.000-08:00

Exodus 8:1-15

The sign of the stick turning to a snake had established Moses and Aaron’s power as superior to that of Pharaoh’s magicians, but it had little physical impact on anyone. The turning the water to blood impacted everyone, but they were familiar with techniques that enabled them to minimize the effects, as if it were just another flood like they were used to. While inconvenient, it really didn’t affect them very much.

“And the LORD spake unto Moses, Go unto Pharaoh, and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Let my people go, that they may serve me. And if thou refuse to let them go, behold, I will smite all thy borders with frogs: And the river shall bring forth frogs abundantly, which shall go up and come into thine house, and into thy bedchamber, and upon thy bed, and into the house of thy servants, and upon thy people, and into thine ovens, and into thy kneadingtroughs: And the frogs shall come up both on thee, and upon thy people, and upon all thy servants.” (Exodus 8:1-4)

Since Egyptian culture revolved around the river. God would use it again, but they had never been inundated with frogs. Living along the river with abundant water the Egyptians maintained a very high standard of cleanliness. They despised those from drier areas as dirty because they had trouble maintaining such a standard of sanitation. The frogs would mess up the whole system. Pharaoh couldn’t conceive the effects and refused to allow them to go, and besides that no one could make frogs.

“And the LORD spake unto Moses, Say unto Aaron, Stretch forth thine hand with thy rod over the streams, over the rivers, and over the ponds, and cause frogs to come up upon the land of Egypt. And Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt; and the frogs came up, and covered the land of Egypt.” (Exodus 8:5-6)

When the frogs began to come out of the river, in vast quantities, Pharaoh was shocked by the invasion, but called his magicians to see if they could do the same thing. Apparently God had caused the frogs to lay a lot of eggs that had hatched and matured enough to come out when Aaron stretched out his rod over the water.

“And the magicians did so with their enchantments, and brought up frogs upon the land of Egypt. Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron, and said, Entreat the LORD, that he may take away the frogs from me, and from my people; and I will let the people go, that they may do sacrifice unto the LORD.” (Exodus 8:7-8)

A second batch of frogs crawled out when they did whatever they did, so Pharaoh concluded it wasn’t anything special and sent Moses and Aaron away. A day or so later, Pharaoh and his people were really getting upset by the unsanitary conditions the frogs were causing and he called Moses and Aaron back to get rid of them, because they didn’t know how to deal with the situation and his magicians had no answers.

“And Moses said unto Pharaoh, Glory over me: when shall I entreat for thee, and for thy servants, and for thy people, to destroy the frogs from thee and thy houses, that they may remain in the river only?” (Exodus 8:9)

The Hebrew word translated “glory” here means to boast about or to give credit to someone. Moses is simply asking Pharaoh to acknowledge that the Egyptians couldn’t solve the problem without his help. Moses asked when he wanted it done, and Pharaoh postponed it until the next day, hoping the frogs would disappear and he wouldn’t have to give Moses or God the credit. I imagine the people would have preferred it that day.

“And he said, To morrow. And he said, Be it according to thy word: that thou mayest know that there is none like unto the LORD our God. And the frogs shall depart from thee, and from thy houses, and from thy servants, and from thy people; they shall remain in the river only.

And Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh: and Moses cried unto the LORD because of the frogs which he had brought against Pharaoh. And the LORD did according to the word of Moses; and the frogs died out of the houses, out of the villages, and out of the fields. And they gathered them together upon heaps: and the land stank.” (Exodus 8:10-14)

When Moses prayed, the frogs all died. The people spent hours gathering up the dead frogs and piling them in huge piles where they began to rot,. The stench would last for weeks.

“But when Pharaoh saw that there was respite, he hardened his heart, and hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had said.” (Exodus 8:15)

A person who gets in trouble for drinking or using drugs may temporarily stop to get out of trouble or a government may cut taxes to stimulate economic recovery, then resume what they were doing that caused the problem in the first place. Pharaoh responded the same way, promptly forgetting his promise when the pressure eased. This hardening of the heart or refusing to take the lesson to heart is far more common than we usually realize.

The First Major Case Of Water Pollution

2012-01-19T10:31:00.000-08:00

Exodus 7:14-25

The illusion his magicians performed was enough like the miracle Aaron had done that Pharaoh could convince himself it was nothing more than a more complex version of what the magicians had done. He became more determined to teach them who was the boss. People who want to believe something can nearly always convince themselves.

“And the LORD said unto Moses, Pharaoh's heart is hardened, he refuseth to let the people go. Get thee unto Pharaoh in the morning; lo, he goeth out unto the water; and thou shalt stand by the river's brink against he come; and the rod which was turned to a serpent shalt thou take in thine hand. And thou shalt say unto him, The LORD God of the Hebrews hath sent me unto thee, saying, Let my people go, that they may serve me in the wilderness: and, behold, hitherto thou wouldest not hear.

Thus saith the LORD, In this thou shalt know that I am the LORD: behold, I will smite with the rod that is in mine hand upon the waters which are in the river, and they shall be turned to blood. And the fish that is in the river shall die, and the river shall stink; and the Egyptians shall loathe to drink of the water of the river.” (Exodus 7:14-18)

God allowed Pharaoh to think about the miracle over night, giving him a chance to change his mind before proceeding. The Nile river was the basis of Egypt’s greatness, providing water to drink and for irrigation, fish for food, rich alluvial soil and easy transportation. It was the major power in Egypt and was venerated as such. Much of Pharaoh’s power was derived from the government programs to prevent flooding and develop irrigation. That he could control such forces led to his being viewed as more than just an ordinary man.

The second miracle was to demonstrate that God had more power over the river than Pharaoh. The entire land depended on the river. By making it unusable, not only Pharaoh, but the entire population would become aware of God’s power over the biggest forces in their lives. They would lose both food and water when it turned to blood.

“And the LORD spake unto Moses, Say unto Aaron, Take thy rod, and stretch out thine hand upon the waters of Egypt, upon their streams, upon their rivers, and upon their ponds, and upon all their pools of water, that they may become blood; and that there may be blood throughout all the land of Egypt, both in vessels of wood, and in vessels of stone.

And Moses and Aaron did so, as the LORD commanded; and he lifted up the rod, and smote the waters that were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters that were in the river were turned to blood. And the fish that was in the river died; and the river stank, and the Egyptians could not drink of the water of the river; and there was blood throughout all the land of Egypt.” (Exodus 7:19-21)

When Aaron stretched out his hand over the water it turned to blood. It was not like an overflow of blood from a meat processing plant polluting the river, where the water mixed with the blood, but a literal stream of blood, making the water as viscous as it would be at the height of flood season. The fish died for lack of oxygen and since blood begins to decay very soon, it wasn’t long before the stench of decaying blood and fish filled the air.

“And the magicians of Egypt did so with their enchantments: and Pharaoh's heart was hardened, neither did he hearken unto them; as the LORD had said. And Pharaoh turned and went into his house, neither did he set his heart to this also.” (Exodus 7:22-23)

The Magicians were able to produce an illusion similar to the blood, probably by dumping some dye into a bowl of water. Because it appeared similar, Pharaoh ignored the differences in scale and impact. Like many who have no personal experience, he had no concept of the logistics of simply dyeing the entire river. What is easy in a small container may well be nearly impossible on a large scale, even if Moses had used the same mechanism.

“And all the Egyptians digged round about the river for water to drink; for they could not drink of the water of the river. And seven days were fulfilled, after that the LORD had smitten the river.” (Exodus 7:24-25)

Digging holes alongside the river allowed water to seep in, filtering out the blood and most of the contaminates. It was probably a technique the Egyptians had learned from the annual flooding. It took seven days for the influx of water from upstream to wash away all the polluted water. Pharaoh had other people to get his water for him and was somewhat isolated from the effects. What was a disaster for his people was only a minor inconvenience for him. Like most politicians and bureaucrats of today, he could focus on consolidating his power and ignore the effects of his decisions.

Laying a Foundation

2012-01-18T09:56:00.000-08:00

Exodus 6:28-7:13

Moses had originally set out to straighten things between Israel and Egypt in his own power. When that didn’t work and the Israelites didn’t appreciate his efforts, he had fled to Midian for safety and stayed forty years, returning only at God’s direction. Upon his return he had approached the people with God’s direction to gain their support. When he went to Pharaoh to request permission to just worship God it was refused and the oppression increased, turning the people against him.

“And it came to pass on the day when the LORD spake unto Moses in the land of Egypt, That the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, I am the LORD: speak thou unto Pharaoh king of Egypt all that I say unto thee.

And Moses said before the LORD, Behold, I am of uncircumcised lips, and how shall Pharaoh hearken unto me?” (Exodus 6:28-30)

Most of us have a sense of familiarity when we hear names like Barak Obama, or George Bush, or Bill Clinton. We have heard their names and are familiar with their position abn at least some of their beliefs. How many of us have been disappointed after they were elected to find that we didn’t really know them at all? All we really knew was the person portrayed by media reporting, and not the person at all. All too often our knowledge of God is equally superficial, based solely on some pastor or other persons statements about him. No matter how good or bad that portrayal may be it is based on some one else’s understanding, not our own.

Though Moses had been commissioned by God, he still had a superficial picture of what God was like and how he would work. Our picture of God is often based on what we know about ourselves and others, rather than on God himself. Like Moses we have to learn that as God said in Isaiah 55:8-9, “…my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways, saith the LORD. For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts.”

Moses still thought that an eloquent and persuasive speech, or recognition of his religious authority would be what convinced Pharaoh to listen to him. He did not yet understand that “It is the spirit that quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing,” as Jesus said in John 6:63.

“And the LORD said unto Moses, See, I have made thee a god to Pharaoh: and Aaron thy brother shall be thy prophet. Thou shalt speak all that I command thee: and Aaron thy brother shall speak unto Pharaoh, that he send the children of Israel out of his land.” (Exodus 7:1-2)

Pharaoh did not know God. He was viewed and treated as a god by his people. In his own mind, he was the ultimate power, able to manipulate other forces. God would establish Moses as having similar power in Pharaoh’s mind. To promote that illusion, Moses would direct but Aaron would take the actions and do the speaking. In this manner, Pharaoh would begin to understand the concept of a true God, rather than just a superior man.

“And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt. But Pharaoh shall not hearken unto you, that I may lay my hand upon Egypt, and bring forth mine armies, and my people the children of Israel, out of the land of Egypt by great judgments. And the Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD, when I stretch forth mine hand upon Egypt, and bring out the children of Israel from among them.” (Exodus 7:3)

In order for the Egyptians to understand that Pharaoh was not truly a god, it would be necessary for him to be decisively defeated. Most people will yield after a while concluding that it is not worth the effort required to win. By doing so they preserve the idea that they could have won if they wanted to. To prevent that, God would strengthen Pharaoh’s determination, making him too stubborn to quit. Before it was done, the Egyptians would know that Pharaoh was not in the same league with God.

“And Moses and Aaron did as the LORD commanded them, so did they. And Moses was fourscore years old, and Aaron fourscore and three years old, when they spake unto Pharaoh.” (Exodus 7:6-7)

Pharaoh had contacts who were responsible for communication with the Jews. Moses and Aaron were not among them. Two relatively unknown old men in their eighties approach him again on behalf of the entire nation, saying God sent them. It is not hard to understand why he didn’t consider them of much importance. He’d never even seen Moses in the meetings before.

“And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying, When Pharaoh shall speak unto you, saying, Show a miracle for you: then thou shalt say unto Aaron, Take thy rod, and cast it before Pharaoh, and it shall become a serpent.

And Moses and Aaron went in unto Pharaoh, and they did so as the LORD had commanded: and Aaron cast down his rod before Pharaoh, and before his servants, and it became a serpent.” (Exodus 7:8-10)

As a sign to Pharaoh that this was from God. Aaron would use his walking stick to repeat the miracle that had happened when Moses cast his staff on the ground at Mt Sinai. When he threw it on the ground, it became a snake.

“Then Pharaoh also called the wise men and the sorcerers: now the magicians of Egypt, they also did in like manner with their enchantments. For they cast down every man his rod, and they became serpents: but Aaron's rod swallowed up their rods. And he hardened Pharaoh's heart, that he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had said.” (Exodus 7:11-13)

The snake was an important religious figure in Egypt. To demonstrate their power and awe the people, the priests had developed methods of handling them. We are told that one trick they used was to hypnotize the snake so it became rigid and could easily be carried. It appears that this is what the wise men did in this case. When thrown on the ground the trance was broken and the snakes began to move around.

Aaron had used and actual walking stick, whereas the magicians used a hypnotized snake, but the appearance was very similar, and Pharaoh chose to believe it was the same, even when Aarons snake ate all the others, then turned back into a stick without having to be hypnotized again. Though Pharaoh discounted the miracle, it clearly established Aaron as being as powerful as his priests and Magicians. It was a first step in reaching the Egyptians. That the snake was one of their religious symbols further enhanced his standing.

People pay little attention to those they think have nothing to offer. This miracle had established that he might have something to offer. The Christian’s life serves a similar purpose before the world. If his testimony does not imply anything of value, there is no reason to listen to what he says. The seemingly pointless meetings lay the foundation for hearing the gospel. Christians have no right to expect people to listen until they have assurance there is something to hear. Only a few first time contacts provide a valid opportunity to witness verbally.

Who Are Moses And Aaron?

2012-01-17T10:39:00.000-08:00

Exodus 6:14-26

God had chosen Moses to lead the Israelites out of Egypt. Because of Moses’ fear they wouldn’t listen, God assigned Aaron to be his spokesperson. Now God directed the author to describe Moses’ genealogy so we can know who he is. Most of the time our focus is on Jesus Christ and most of the genealogies address his lineage, to show that he is of the family of Judah, demonstrating his qualifications to be the Messiah, first prophesied by Jacob in Genesis 49:8-12.

Jacob had fallen in love with Rachel, but was tricked into marrying her sister Leah instead. Later he married Rachel as well, jealousy between them resulted in his tsaking their maids as wives also, compounding the problems. Here we get a brief look at some of Leah’s descendants. That God chose Moses and identifies him so clearly seems especially significant.

“These be the heads of their fathers' houses: The sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel; Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi: these be the families of Reuben.” (Exodus 6:14)

As the oldest of Jacob’s sons, Reuben should have been the most favored, and would have seemed the most likely leader, but as a result of the constant turmoil he developed a lack of stability, committing incest with Bilhah, one of Jacob’s wives. His descendants tended to follow his example.

“And the sons of Simeon; Jemuel, and Jamin, and Ohad, and Jachin, and Zohar, and Shaul the son of a Canaanitish woman: these are the families of Simeon.” (Exodus 6:15)

Simeon was Leah and Jacob’s second son. He and his younger brother, Levi both were inclined to let their anger take over, with the result that they murdered the men of Shechem over Hamor’s perceived wrong to their sister Dinah.

“And these are the names of the sons of Levi according to their generations; Gershon, and Kohath, and Merari: and the years of the life of Levi were an hundred thirty and seven years. The sons of Gershon; Libni, and Shimi, according to their families. And the sons of Kohath; Amram, and Izhar, and Hebron, and Uzziel: and the years of the life of Kohath were an hundred thirty and three years. And the sons of Merari; Mahali and Mushi: these are the families of Levi according to their generations.” (Exodus 6:16-19)

Jacob had strongly condemned Simeon and Levi for their murders of the men of Shechem, instructing that they were not to be allowed to get together as they would egg each other on. Levi’s three sons would later become responsible for the care of the tabernacle and leading the worship of God. Each family would have specific responsibilities.

“And Amram took him Jochebed his father's sister to wife; and she bare him Aaron and Moses: and the years of the life of Amram were an hundred and thirty and seven years. And the sons of Izhar; Korah, and Nepheg, and Zichri. And the sons of Uzziel; Mishael, and Elzaphan, and Zithri.” (Exodus 6:20-22)

Levi’s son Kohath had a son named Amram, who married one of Kohath’s younger sisters, Jochebed. Moses and Aaron were their sons, making them descendants of Levi on both sides of the family. One of Moses and Aaron’s cousins was Korah, a man who would later cause a lot of trouble, having an attitude similar to that of his great grandfather Levi.

Hebrews 7 stresses the importance that the lineages of Moses and Aaron are from the tribe of Levi while Christ came from the tribe of Judah and that there was no overlap to demonstrate that Christianity is not an extension of the Jewish religion. As Paul describes it, the old Testament religion served as a scaffold or temporary platform for building Christianity. It was never intended as the final structure.

Moses was not chosen from Reuben’s family, from Judah’s, or from Joseph or Benjamin’s. He was chosen from a family with a record of cruelty and self will. It clearly indicates that while family background has a great deal of impact on our lives, God can and will use anyone who is willing to obey him.

“And Aaron took him Elisheba, daughter of Amminadab, sister of Naashon, to wife; and she bare him Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.” (Exodus 6:23)

Aaron had four sons. Later, in Leviticus 10:1-2 and Numbers 3:2-4, Nadab and Abihu were killed because they ignored God’s command in fulfilling the priest’s duties. Being of Aaron’s family was not enough to save them.

“And the sons of Korah; Assir, and Elkanah, and Abiasaph: these are the families of the Korhites.” (Exodus 6:24)

Moses and Aaron’s cousin Korah would be killed in Numbers 16, because he decided he had the right to do as he wished. His entire family died as well.

“And Eleazar Aaron's son took him one of the daughters of Putiel to wife; and she bare him Phinehas: these are the heads of the fathers of the Levites according to their families.” (Exodus 6:25)

God had told Abraham that his descendants would be in Egypt four hundred years. Genesis 15:16 concludes, “But in the fourth generation they shall come hither again: for the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet full.” Kohath was one of those who had gone to Egypt with Jacob. They would go out of Egypt in his great great grandson Phineas’s lifetime, four generations later, again proving that it was God who made the promise.

“These are that Aaron and Moses, to whom the LORD said, Bring out the children of Israel from the land of Egypt according to their armies. These are they which spake to Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring out the children of Israel from Egypt: these are that Moses and Aaron.” (Exodus 6:26-27)

Reaction to Increased Persecution

2012-01-16T11:39:00.000-08:00

Exodus 5:22-6:9

Moses was concerned that perhaps he had caused more harm when he saw the impact on the people. Great leaders are aware of the pain their actions may cause. Selfish leaders are concerned only with accomplishing their goals. Years of herding sheep had taught Moses the need for considering the fears and needs of his flock. When he had first tried to help them forty years before, he was too impatient to make changes to consider the effects of his actions.

“And Moses returned unto the LORD, and said, Lord, wherefore hast thou so evil entreated this people? why is it that thou hast sent me? For since I came to Pharaoh to speak in thy name, he hath done evil to this people; neither hast thou delivered thy people at all.” (Exodus 5:22-23)

Though God had warned Moses “…but I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go,” in Exodus 4:21, Moses had not expected what happened. Israel hadn’t been delivered and their situation had gotten worse rather than better. God knew exactly what he was doing. Israel would not be willing to leave the safety of Egypt and trust God until it became unbearable to stay. People tend to stick with the familiar in an attempt to avoid pain until forced to accept change.

“Then the LORD said unto Moses, Now shalt thou see what I will do to Pharaoh: for with a strong hand shall he let them go, and with a strong hand shall he drive them out of his land.” ((Exodus 6:1)

For four hundred years, Israel had lived in Egypt, depending on the Egyptian system for their survival. Like most Christians today, they had never been conscious that it was God who provided their daily needs, making the crops grow and preventing the Egyptians from killing them. God would use Pharaoh’s rebellion to show Israel his power and develop trust. He would cause Pharaoh to drive them out so they would have no choice but to trust Him.

“And God spake unto Moses, and said unto him, I am the LORD: And I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, by the name of God Almighty, but by my name JEHOVAH was I not known to them. And I have also established my covenant with them, to give them the land of Canaan, the land of their pilgrimage, wherein they were strangers. And I have also heard the groaning of the children of Israel, whom the Egyptians keep in bondage; and I have remembered my covenant.” (Exodus 6:2-5)

Seeing Moses distress, God revealed himself to Moses in a way he had not even revealed himself to the Patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. They had never known him by the name Jehovah, yet God had established a covenant with them, beginning in Genesis 12, more than six hundred fifty years before. Genesis 15:6 tells us Abram “…believed in the LORD; and he counted it to him for righteousness.” Clearly knowing the name Jehovah is not essential to be saved or to serve God, as some teach.

“Wherefore say unto the children of Israel, I am the LORD, and I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, and I will rid you out of their bondage, and I will redeem you with a stretched out arm, and with great judgments: And I will take you to me for a people, and I will be to you a God: and ye shall know that I am the LORD your God, which bringeth you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians.” (Exodus 6:6-7)

The covenant God made with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob had been passed down to his heirs, and God reminded Moses that he hadn’t forgotten it either. He was even more aware of their suffering than Moses. It is easy for us to feel that he isn’t aware of what we are experiencing, or that he doesn’t really care. He was going to fulfill his promise, although things would get worse for a while. The things that happened would convince them of God’s power and love for them.

“And I will bring you in unto the land, concerning the which I did swear to give it to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob; and I will give it you for an heritage: I am the LORD.” (Exodus 6:8)

Eventually they would claim the land God had promised to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob for their own, because God never breaks his promise. As Titus 1:2 tells us, God cannot lie, and he doesn’t change, according to Malachi 3:6.

“And Moses spake so unto the children of Israel: but they hearkened not unto Moses for anguish of spirit, and for cruel bondage.” (Exodus 6:9)

While Moses was reassured by God’s promise, the people were not. They were unable or unwilling to look beyond their misery to trust God.. Many times we try to advise people but their focus on their problems prevents seeing what is available. That will only change as God reveals his power to them. We cannot force it.

“And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, Go in, speak unto Pharaoh king of Egypt, that he let the children of Israel go out of his land. And Moses spake before the LORD, saying, Behold, the children of Israel have not hearkened unto me; how then shall Pharaoh hear me, who am of uncircumcised lips?” (Exodus 6:10-12)

When Israel refused to listen to what God had told him Moses was really discouraged. Why would Pharaoh listen to someone with no great religious standings when they said God said? He wouldn’t even be coming as the religious leader of the Jews, or having any formal recognition from some other organization. In today’s terms, he had not been ordained and had no doctorate to prove his qualifications. He had no evidence saying he was dedicated to God. God commanded them to go anyway.

“And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, and gave them a charge unto the children of Israel, and unto Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt.” (Exodus 6:13)

It Got Worse

2012-01-13T04:02:00.000-08:00

Genesis 5:1-23

“And afterward Moses and Aaron went in, and told Pharaoh, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Let my people go, that they may hold a feast unto me in the wilderness.” (Exodus 5:1)

After sharing his position and getting the support of the Israelite leaders, Moses and Aaron approached Pharaoh requesting permission to go into the wilderness to worship their God.

“And Pharaoh said, Who is the LORD, that I should obey his voice to let Israel go? I know not the LORD, neither will I let Israel go.” (Exodus 5:2)

In Abraham’s day the Pharaoh had known the Lord. Six hundred fifty years later, the Pharaoh in Moses’ day did not know the Lord. In fact the religion of Egypt had changed to the point the Pharaoh himself was worshipped as a God. The entire religion and government centered on him. In his arrogance he no longer considered any God beyond himself.

“And they said, The God of the Hebrews hath met with us: let us go, we pray thee, three days' journey into the desert, and sacrifice unto the LORD our God; lest he fall upon us with pestilence, or with the sword.” (Exodus 5:3)

Israel had not worshipped God freely for most of the time they had been in Egypt. They were only requesting permission to worship their God and thus turn away his wrath for their unfaithfulness.

“And the king of Egypt said unto them, Wherefore do ye, Moses and Aaron, let the people from their works? get you unto your burdens. And Pharaoh said, Behold, the people of the land now are many, and ye make them rest from their burdens.

And Pharaoh commanded the same day the taskmasters of the people, and their officers, saying, Ye shall no more give the people straw to make brick, as heretofore: let them go and gather straw for themselves. And the tale of the bricks, which they did make heretofore, ye shall lay upon them; ye shall not diminish ought thereof: for they be idle; therefore they cry, saying, Let us go and sacrifice to our God. Let there more work be laid upon the men, that they may labour therein; and let them not regard vain words.” (Exodus 5:4-9)

By granting their request, Pharaoh believed he would be acknowledging that some God had more authority than he did. Determined to teach them a lesson, he decided to increase the burden on them. Totalitarian regimes throughout history have become more repressive and cruel at any suggestion that they should grant a little freedom.

“And the taskmasters of the people went out, and their officers, and they spake to the people, saying, Thus saith Pharaoh, I will not give you straw. Go ye, get you straw where ye can find it: yet not ought of your work shall be diminished.

So the people were scattered abroad throughout all the land of Egypt to gather stubble instead of straw. And the taskmasters hasted them, saying, Fulfil your works, your daily tasks, as when there was straw.” (Exodus 5:10-13)

Pharaoh’s command gives us a very strong evidence both of the historical accuracy of the book and of the dates involved. In the first part of the Middle Kingdom public works were built out of quarried stone. Later, high quality brick was used and remains of these structures are still common today. After about 1660 BC, the quality of materials used in brick making deteriorated dramatically, replacing straw with trash for reinforcement. Few ruins from that period exist today. Unfortunately, most historians have Accepted Ussher’s chronology and ignored this record.

“And the officers of the children of Israel, which Pharaoh's taskmasters had set over them, were beaten, and demanded, Wherefore have ye not fulfilled your task in making brick both yesterday and to day, as heretofore? Then the officers of the children of Israel came and cried unto Pharaoh, saying, Wherefore dealest thou thus with thy servants? There is no straw given unto thy servants, and they say to us, Make brick: and, behold, thy servants are beaten; but the fault is in thine own people.” (Exodus 5:14-16)

Stunned by the increased demands and stiffened penalties for failure, the Hebrew leaders appealed to Pharaoh for relief, insisting they would not be able to maintain the production and quality under the new rules.

“But he said, Ye are idle, ye are idle: therefore ye say, Let us go and do sacrifice to the LORD. Go therefore now, and work; for there shall no straw be given you, yet shall ye deliver the tale of bricks.” (Exodus 5:17-18)

Unfortunately most policy makers have been chosen from people who have little or no contact with the people doing the actual job. As a result, they begin to place unreasonable demands on the people they depend on, and cannot understand that it is impossible to meet the demands without sacrificing something else. Pharaoh had never had to make bricks and had no real understanding of what was required. Egypt had been in an economic decline for many years, and here was an austerity measure he could take without cutting public programs. Placing the burden on the Hebrews would not cause much unrest among the Egyptians.

“And the officers of the children of Israel did see that they were in evil case, after it was said, Ye shall not minish ought from your bricks of your daily task. And they met Moses and Aaron, who stood in the way, as they came forth from Pharaoh: And they said unto them, The LORD look upon you, and judge; because ye have made our savour to be abhorred in the eyes of Pharaoh, and in the eyes of his servants, to put a sword in their hand to slay us.” (Exodus 5:19-21)

If dropped into hot water, a frog immediately jumps out, but if placed in cold water and the temperature is raised gradually, he may sit there until he is cooked. For four hundred years the persecution of the Israelites had been steadily increasing, finally reaching the point where their children were being murdered and they had not time for themselves at all. Though they were troubled and griped about their situation, they had accepted it.

When Moses came and presented the possibility of escape, they were excited about the possibility. When they began to take steps to change the situation, and experienced resistance they began to blame Moses, rather than the Egyptians.

Over the years I have seen numerous people in abusive situations seek the Lord because it was almost unbearable, yet when changes they were making in their own lives caused conflict with the abusers, they blamed it on what I was teaching them and walked away. Invariably, the abuse became even worse, because the abuser was more convinced they would continue to put up with it. We often overlook this tendency in our efforts to help people. No one enjoys the pain, but many as fitness trainers tell us “no pain, no gain.” Unfortunately pain does not necessarily indicate progress. It may indicate that more harm has been done. Moses was upset by the people’s reaction.

“And Moses returned unto the LORD, and said, Lord, wherefore hast thou so evil entreated this people? why is it that thou hast sent me? For since I came to Pharaoh to speak in thy name, he hath done evil to this people; neither hast thou delivered thy people at all.” (Exodus 5:22-23)

Returning To Egypt

2012-01-12T07:11:00.000-08:00

Exodus 4:18-31

After forty years herding sheep, Moses had lost the arrogance he‘d once had, developing a realistic understanding of his own abilities and limitations. He had never lost his concern for his people, but was no longer willing to take foolish or unproductive actions such as killing a minor bully. With God’s assurance and support, he had the possibility of success.

“And Moses went and returned to Jethro his father in law, and said unto him, Let me go, I pray thee, and return unto my brethren which are in Egypt, and see whether they be yet alive. And Jethro said to Moses, Go in peace.” (Exodus 4:18)

After his encounter with the angel of God, Moses’ desire to meet with his family and relatives was renewed. Unlike Jacob, he had a good relationship with his father-in-law, and there was no sense of need for deceit, because he had developed a strong relationship with God, resulting in an openness Jacob never had.

“And the LORD said unto Moses in Midian, Go, return into Egypt: for all the men are dead which sought thy life. And Moses took his wife and his sons, and set them upon an ass, and he returned to the land of Egypt: and Moses took the rod of God in his hand.” (Exodus 4:19-20)

Not only the old pharaoh, but all the officers who remembered Moses’ crime had died in the intervening years, and God assured him he would face no threat on that account. With that assurance, Moses took his family and returned to Egypt. He did not take a large herd of cattle or numerous servants with him. He did carry the walking stick God had transformed into a snake.

“And the LORD said unto Moses, When thou goest to return into Egypt, see that thou do all those wonders before Pharaoh, which I have put in thine hand: but I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go. And thou shalt say unto Pharaoh, Thus saith the LORD, Israel is my son, even my firstborn: And I say unto thee, Let my son go, that he may serve me: and if thou refuse to let him go, behold, I will slay thy son, even thy firstborn.” (Exodus 4:21-23)

God had shown the three miracles to Moses to persuade the Hebrews that God had sent Moses. Now God instructed him to show the same three miracles to Pharaoh, but warned him he would not listen and would refuse to grant their initial request. Because he refused to listen, God would harden his heart, enabling him to ignore the plight of other people in his own self will. It is that hardened heart that enables our own politicians to ignore the effects of their policies on the people.

If Pharaoh stubbornly continued to refuse to allow God’s people to go, killing them to prevent their escape, even at the risk of destroying his own people, God would kill Pharaoh’s own son and heir.

“And it came to pass by the way in the inn, that the LORD met him, and sought to kill him. Then Zipporah took a sharp stone, and cut off the foreskin of her son, and cast it at his feet, and said, Surely a bloody husband art thou to me. So he let him go: then she said, A bloody husband thou art, because of the circumcision.” (Exodus 4:24-26)

God had specified that male circumcision was the one requirement to participate in God’s blessings in Genesis 17:10-14. “This is my covenant, which ye shall keep, between me and you and thy seed after thee; Every man child among you shall be circumcised. And ye shall circumcise the flesh of your foreskin; and it shall be a token of the covenant betwixt me and you. And he that is eight days old shall be circumcised among you, every man child in your generations, he that is born in the house, or bought with money of any stranger, which is not of thy seed. He that is born in thy house, and he that is bought with thy money, must needs be circumcised: and my covenant shall be in your flesh for an everlasting covenant. And the uncircumcised man child whose flesh of his foreskin is not circumcised, that soul shall be cut off from his people; he hath broken my covenant.”

Any person who refused circumcision, whether of Jewish descent or not, was to be counted as not Jewish and forbidden to participate in the Jewish rituals. It was the indication they took god’s promises seriously. Moses had not fulfilled the covenant by having his children circumcised, and God threatened him with death for his failure. His wife circumcised their son with a sharp stone to save his life, feeling the action was unnecessarily cruel.

Baptism serves much the same purpose in Christian life. Like the circumcision being baptized indicates how seriously we take God’s promises and commands. If we don’t take them seriously enough to be baptized we ought not participate in the communion or be considered part of the church.

“And the LORD said to Aaron, Go into the wilderness to meet Moses. And he went, and met him in the mount of God, and kissed him. And Moses told Aaron all the words of the LORD who had sent him, and all the signs which he had commanded him.” (Exodus 4:27-28)

Though there had been no communication between them, God sent Aaron to meet Moses, where Moses described his mission and God’s directions, enlisting his help as spokesperson.

“And Moses and Aaron went and gathered together all the elders of the children of Israel: And Aaron spake all the words which the LORD had spoken unto Moses, and did the signs in the sight of the people. And the people believed: and when they heard that the LORD had visited the children of Israel, and that he had looked upon their affliction, then they bowed their heads and worshipped.” (Exodus 4:29-31)

Together they went to the tribal leaders, where Aaron shared what Moses had told him and they performed the signs god had given Moses. Convinced that it was of God, in humility the people worshipped God for caring about them.

Authorized By God

2012-01-11T10:10:00.000-08:00

Exodus 4:1-17

Forty years before, Moses had attempted to produce changes in Israel’s state by killing an Egyptian overseer. His efforts were viewed as the efforts of a gang leader or crime boss trying to take over a neighborhood, rather than a legitimate effort to help, and were rejected.

“And Moses answered and said, But, behold, they will not believe me, nor hearken unto my voice: for they will say, The LORD hath not appeared unto thee.” (Exodus 4:1)

Moses had lost the arrogance that he had as a prince of Egypt. He was aware people might see his approach as just another attempt to take over. They were likely to want some assurance that his intentions were legitimate and had some possibility of actually improving things. Too many political leaders set out to accomplish a goal with no clue as to what will be required, and people begin to distrust them.

“And the LORD said unto him, What is that in thine hand? And he said, A rod.

And he said, Cast it on the ground. And he cast it on the ground, and it became a serpent; and Moses fled from before it. And the LORD said unto Moses, Put forth thine hand, and take it by the tail. And he put forth his hand, and caught it, and it became a rod in his hand: That they may believe that the LORD God of their fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, hath appeared unto thee.” (Exodus 4:2-5)

God performed a miracle, changing Moses walking stick into a snake when he threw it on the ground. When he picked it up by the tail it changed back into a stick. Since only God could do this, it would indicate that God had directed Moses. Since the walking stick had been used by Moses for some time there was no question of trickery.

“And the LORD said furthermore unto him, Put now thine hand into thy bosom. And he put his hand into his bosom: and when he took it out, behold, his hand was leprous as snow. And he said, Put thine hand into thy bosom again. And he put his hand into his bosom again; and plucked it out of his bosom, and, behold, it was turned again as his other flesh. And it shall come to pass, if they will not believe thee, neither hearken to the voice of the first sign, that they will believe the voice of the latter sign.” (Exodus 4:6-8)

Leprosy is not common in the United States, but it was common in that area of the world until just a few years ago. My understanding is that it destroys the nerve endings so the body does not respond naturally to stimuli. In the process, the blood flow and pigmentation are reduced making the skin appear unnaturally white. It was a progressive disease, spreading from one part of the body to another, and there was no cure for the disease, although spontaneous remissions did occasionally occur. Normally it was first identified as just a small white spot and Leviticus 13 gave specific instructions for identifying it.

When Moses placed his hand in his robe and pulled it out white, it clearly indicated an advanced case of a familiar disease. When he put his hand back into his shirt and pulled it out again it was normal. Clearly this was a miraculous sign that would convince many of th people, but some might well consider it some kind of trick.

“And it shall come to pass, if they will not believe also these two signs, neither hearken unto thy voice, that thou shalt take of the water of the river, and pour it upon the dry land: and the water which thou takest out of the river shall become blood upon the dry land.” (Exodus 4:9)

For those who still didn’t believe, Moses was to take some water from the river and pour it out on the ground. It would become blood on the ground that they could touch and smell. Since they usually butchered their own meat, they would be able to tell the difference between real blood and colored water by the way it coagulated, by the smell, and by the viscosity. It would be very hard to fool these people with a fake blood in such a situation.

“And Moses said unto the LORD, O my Lord, I am not eloquent, neither heretofore, nor since thou hast spoken unto thy servant: but I am slow of speech, and of a slow tongue.” (Exodus 4:10)

Like many others, Moses was concerned that he would not be persuasive enough because he was not an eloquent speaker or quick witted. Many people think that because a person can’t give a quick response off the cuff he doesn’t know what he is talking about. In fact, the quick response is frequently based on a superficial understanding of what is involved. Winning a debate does not make one right.

“And the LORD said unto him, Who hath made man's mouth? or who maketh the dumb, or deaf, or the seeing, or the blind? have not I the LORD? Now therefore go, and I will be with thy mouth, and teach thee what thou shalt say.” (Exodus 4:11-12)

God made the mouth, God made the brain that directs the mouth, and he can direct the thoughts of that mind. He chooses whether we could speak of hear or see, and he decides what needs to be said. The results are not about human logic or psychology or eloquence, but about God’s message. Far too much emphasis is put on the human part rather than on God’s.

“And he said, O my Lord, send, I pray thee, by the hand of him whom thou wilt send.

“And the anger of the LORD was kindled against Moses, and he said, Is not Aaron the Levite thy brother? I know that he can speak well. And also, behold, he cometh forth to meet thee: and when he seeth thee, he will be glad in his heart. And thou shalt speak unto him, and put words in his mouth: and I will be with thy mouth, and with his mouth, and will teach you what ye shall do. And he shall be thy spokesman unto the people: and he shall be, even he shall be to thee instead of a mouth, and thou shalt be to him instead of God. And thou shalt take this rod in thine hand, wherewith thou shalt do signs.” (Exodus 4:13-17)

Not convinced that he was qualified, and not trusting God, Moses still hesitated, asking God to send some one else instead. His lack of faith angered God, but rather than destroying him for it, God gave him what he asked, sending his brother Aaron to do the talking. Aaron would always have to depend on Moses to tell him what God wanted, never having the same relationship himself, but just being Moses’ mouthpiece.

My own father was initially told he shouldn’t become a missionary because he was too old, had too many kids, and didn’t have a good enough education. He did have difficulty raising support, but was responsible for starting more churches among the Navajos than most of the missionaries who’ve tried. Many times we choose men on the basis of education or speaking ability or sophistication and discourage the men God has chosen.

Later Aaron would, acting independently of Moses, just going along with what the people wanted, in direct contradiction to God’s command. Today we see the same thing in many churches, with the emphasis on what the people or the pastor want rather than what God has said. It is why the instructions as to who should be chosen as pastors and leaders in first Timothy 3 and Titus 1are so critical today.

Called By God

2012-01-10T09:41:00.000-08:00

Exodus 3:1-22

When he was forty years old, Moses was concerned about how his fellow Hebrews were being treated, and believing it was what God wanted, tried to make an impact. Acts 7:22-25 describes the event. “And Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and was mighty in words and in deeds. And when he was full forty years old, it came into his heart to visit his brethren the children of Israel. And seeing one of them suffer wrong, he defended him, and avenged him that was oppressed, and smote the Egyptian: For he supposed his brethren would have understood how that God by his hand would deliver them: but they understood not.” As a result of that effort, Moses was forced to flee for his life and spent the next forty years herding sheep in the desert.

“Now Moses kept the flock of Jethro his father in law, the priest of Midian: and he led the flock to the backside of the desert, and came to the mountain of God, even to Horeb.

And the angel of the LORD appeared unto him in a flame of fire out of the midst of a bush: and he looked, and, behold, the bush burned with fire, and the bush was not consumed. And Moses said, I will now turn aside, and see this great sight, why the bush is not burnt.” (Exodus 3:1-3)

While herding sheep near mount Sinai, or Horeb, on the Sinai Peninsula, an angel appeared to him in a flame of fire out of a bush. After a while, his interest was piqued by realizing that the bush was not burning up, and he walked over to see why.

“And when the LORD saw that he turned aside to see, God called unto him out of the midst of the bush, and said, Moses, Moses.

And he said, Here am I.

And he said, Draw not nigh hither: put off thy shoes from off thy feet, for the place whereon thou standest is holy ground. Moreover he said, I am the God of thy father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.

And Moses hid his face; for he was afraid to look upon God.” (Exodus 3:4-6)

God had used the sight of the bush to attract Moses’ attention. When he drew close God spoke to him and Moses responded. God then identified himself as the God, and demanded that he remove his shoes as the place was holy ground. Aware of his own sinfulness, Moses was afraid to meet God face to face. It was and is a legitimate fear according to Exodus 33:20. “And he said, Thou canst not see my face: for there shall no man see me, and live.” There is reason to question many of the supposed encounters with God today. John 1:18 states, “No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared him.” A review of the encounters with God in scripture only heightens that doubt about many modern encounters.

“And the LORD said, I have surely seen the affliction of my people which are in Egypt, and have heard their cry by reason of their taskmasters; for I know their sorrows; And I am come down to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up out of that land unto a good land and a large, unto a land flowing with milk and honey; unto the place of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites.” (Exodus 3:7-8)

Though the Israelites undoubtedly thought God had forgotten them, he was fully aware of the injustices they had suffered in the four hundred years since the Middle Kingdom had arisen. In Genesis 15, God had said they would be servants to Egypt for four hundred years, and the time was now drawing to a close. He had also promised to give them the land Abraham, Isaac and Jacob had occupied, and the time has come for him to fulfill his promise.

“Now therefore, behold, the cry of the children of Israel is come unto me: and I have also seen the oppression wherewith the Egyptians oppress them. Come now therefore, and I will send thee unto Pharaoh, that thou mayest bring forth my people the children of Israel out of Egypt.” (Exodus 3:9-10)

Forty years before, Moses had seen the oppression of his people, and had tried to make a difference, but had been soundly rebuffed. Contrary to what some have taught, seeing the need did not constitute a call. Neither Israel or Moses were ready to make the necessary changes. The oppression had increased to the point Israel would be willing to make drastic changes, and Moses had lost his pride as a prince and learned patience and to work with the limitations of others from herding sheep. He had also become far more aware of his day to day dependence on God. Hard as life was under Egyptian persecution, the Israelites were still dependent on the Egyptians, and would find it hard to leave.

“And Moses said unto God, Who am I, that I should go unto Pharaoh, and that I should bring forth the children of Israel out of Egypt?” (Exodus3:11)

Clearly Moses’ attitude had changed a lot. Where he had killed the Egyptian and attempted to lead Israel, assuming they would follow him just because he said so, now he realized there was no obvious reason for anyone to follow him. He would not be seen as having any authority.

“And he said, Certainly I will be with thee; and this shall be a token unto thee, that I have sent thee: When thou hast brought forth the people out of Egypt, ye shall serve God upon this mountain.” (Exodus 3:12)

The proof that God had chosen him would be that they would worship God there on Mount Sinai when they left Egypt. Three months after leaving Egypt, about the time Moses began to realize the responsibility of his position, they would worship at Mount Sinai, reminding Moses that it was God who had placed him there. Moses was extremely practical, recognizing Pharaoh would want to know whose authority he was acting under.

“And Moses said unto God, Behold, when I come unto the children of Israel, and shall say unto them, The God of your fathers hath sent me unto you; and they shall say to me, What is his name? what shall I say unto them?

And God said unto Moses, I AM THAT I AM: and he said, Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel, I AM hath sent me unto you. And God said moreover unto Moses, Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel, The LORD God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, hath sent me unto you: this is my name for ever, and this is my memorial unto all generations.” (Exodus 3:13-15)

The Egyptians had their own religion and no longer served God as they had in Abraham’s day. Moses was concerned they would not recognize God’s authority. God was far more concerned that Israel recognize who he was. He would reveal himself to the Egyptians when the time came, but Moses could not represent Israel without enlisting their support. That was Moses’ first assignment.

“Go, and gather the elders of Israel together, and say unto them, The LORD God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob, appeared unto me, saying, I have surely visited you, and seen that which is done to you in Egypt: And I have said, I will bring you up out of the affliction of Egypt unto the land of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, unto a land flowing with milk and honey.” (Exodus 3:16-17)

Having passed down the promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob for four generations, or four hundred years, the Israelites were familiar with what Moses would be telling them. It would not require much for them to accept his claims.

“And they shall hearken to thy voice: and thou shalt come, thou and the elders of Israel, unto the king of Egypt, and ye shall say unto him, The LORD God of the Hebrews hath met with us: and now let us go, we beseech thee, three days' journey into the wilderness, that we may sacrifice to the LORD our God.” (Exodus 3:18)

Once he had the support of the people, Moses could go to Pharaoh and request to be allowed to go into the wilderness for a mere three days to worship God. It was not and unreasonable request, and to deny it would reveal the unreasonableness of the king, strengthening the resolve of Israel.

“And I am sure that the king of Egypt will not let you go, no, not by a mighty hand. And I will stretch out my hand, and smite Egypt with all my wonders which I will do in the midst thereof: and after that he will let you go.” (Exodus 3:19-20)

God knew that Pharaoh would be more concerned with showing his power than with the reasonableness of the request, and that it would increase the resentment of the Jews toward him. How many times do parents and those in authority refuse permission simply to show their power, creating resentment by those under such authority. God would use the selfish displays of power to turn the Egyptian people themselves against Pharaoh in support of the Jews.

“And I will give this people favour in the sight of the Egyptians: and it shall come to pass, that, when ye go, ye shall not go empty: But every woman shall borrow of her neighbour, and of her that sojourneth in her house, jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and raiment: and ye shall put them upon your sons, and upon your daughters; and ye shall spoil the Egyptians.” (Exodus 3:21-22)

For four hundred years the Jews had worked without pay, as slaves for the Egyptian government. As the Egyptians began to support the Jews against their government, they would willingly give their jewelry and belongings. God would see to it that they had something to show for all the years of labor.

An obvious conclusion is that contrary to what some have taught, recognizing a need does not constitute a call.

Sheep Herder University

2012-01-09T06:26:00.000-08:00

Exodus 2:16-25

“Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters: and they came and drew water, and filled the troughs to water their father's flock. And the shepherds came and drove them away: but Moses stood up and helped them, and watered their flock.” (Exodus 2;16-17)

Fleeing from Pharaoh’s wrath, Moses came to a well in Midian. He stopped to rest and get a drink while thinking about what to do next. While he was there, the priest of Midian’s daughters came and began filling the water troughs to water their father’s sheep. Other shepherds waited until they had carried enough water then drove the girls away, and watered their own sheep instead, with the intention of making the girls carry all the water. Having a very strong sense of justice, Moses intervened, driving away the other sheep and helping them water theirs.

“And when they came to Reuel their father, he said, How is it that ye are come so soon to day?

And they said, An Egyptian delivered us out of the hand of the shepherds, and also drew water enough for us, and watered the flock.

And he said unto his daughters, And where is he? why is it that ye have left the man? call him, that he may eat bread. ” (Exodus 2:18-20)

The other shepherds had apparently been taking the girls water for some time as their father was surprised how quickly they finished that day. After hearing what Moses had done, Reuel insisted they should at least feed him as a tangible way of showing their appreciation. When Moses came, he was offered a job managing their flocks.

“And Moses was content to dwell with the man: and he gave Moses Zipporah his daughter. And she bare him a son, and he called his name Gershom: for he said, I have been a stranger in a strange land.” (Exodus 2:21-22)

Moses took the job, and stayed about forty years, eventually marrying one of Reuel’s daughters and having a son they called Gershom, or “a refugee” because Moses was a refugee from Egypt. During the time Moses was in Midian, the Egyptians became increasingly cruel in their treatment of the Hebrews.

“And it came to pass in process of time, that the king of Egypt died: and the children of Israel sighed by reason of the bondage, and they cried, and their cry came up unto God by reason of the bondage. And God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob. And God looked upon the children of Israel, and God had respect unto them.” (Exodus 2:23-25)

When the Old Pharaoh died, his son became the new one. Like many children who‘ve always had everything they want, the new Pharaoh had no concept of limits to his spending. He constantly pressed for more public works to show his power and prestige and leave a legacy others would remember. It had to be paid for by increasing the demands on the people, and especially on those least able to protect themselves. As the demands became more onerous the Hebrew people began to pray for relief. It is amazing how long people will put up with abuse before seeking relief.

When they began to seriously seek relief, God began to act on their behalf. Like Jacob, who stayed in Padanaram even though Laban constantly took advantage, people often are not willing to follow God’s will until things get unbearable. Until we are willing to walk away, every attempt to move us will only result in a desire to go back.

To work with animals successfully, one must develop an understanding of the animals themselves. The more complete one’s understanding of their needs and instincts the more effectively one can avoid problems. Moses spent forty years in “Sheepherder University,” as one pastor called it, learning to observe and care for sheep. It was ideal preparation for leading the nation of Israel, teaching him to observe and consider the needs and nature of the people. Jesus described himself as the great shepherd, and his people as his sheep. In the great message about the responsibilities pastors and leaders in Ezekiel 34, they are compared to shepherds as well. In fact the very term pastor means literally a sheep herder.

The area he was herding sheep in was part of the area he would lead Israel through later, giving him a familiarity with the climate and terrain that would stand him in good stead. Midian was located along the Gulf of Aqaba in the Northwest corner of the Arabian Paeninsula.

The Egyptian Prince

2012-01-06T09:29:00.000-08:00

Exodus 2:1-15

For three hundred fifty years after Jacob moved his family to Egypt, the Egyptian economy had been slowly deteriorating and to divert attention from government oppression, Pharaoh had begun to blame the Hebrews for economic hard times and accuse them of a lack of patriotism. The resulting racial tensions led to the enslavement of the Hebrews, and efforts to restrict population growth.

“And there went a man of the house of Levi, and took to wife a daughter of Levi. And the woman conceived, and bare a son: and when she saw him that he was a goodly child, she hid him three months. And when she could not longer hide him, she took for him an ark of bulrushes, and daubed it with slime and with pitch, and put the child therein; and she laid it in the flags by the river's brink. And his sister stood afar off, to wit what would be done to him.” (Exodus 2:1-4)

Around 1730 BC., a man of Levi’s family married one of his cousins, and they had some children. Because of Pharaoh’s orders to kill any boy babies, they hid the boy for about three months. Finally, the baby had gained enough strength they were afraid his cries would be overheard and reported, so they made a basket of the same rushes the Egyptians used for their boats placed him in it in an area where he was unlikely to be heard or seen. His older sister was assigned the job of watching out for him.

“And the daughter of Pharaoh came down to wash herself at the river; and her maidens walked along by the river's side; and when she saw the ark among the flags, she sent her maid to fetch it. And when she had opened it, she saw the child: and, behold, the babe wept. And she had compassion on him, and said, This is one of the Hebrews' children.” (Exodus 2:5-6)

Pharaoh’s own daughter found the baby and recognized him for what he was. Like any normal adult she had an instinctive desire to hold and care for the baby, and as Pharaoh’s daughter, she was less afraid to disobey than others would have been. She didn’t immediately kill the baby.

“Then said his sister to Pharaoh's daughter, Shall I go and call to thee a nurse of the Hebrew women, that she may nurse the child for thee?” (Exodus 2:7)

Seeing how the princess held and cared for her little brother, it was obvious she wouldn’t have the baby killed. Miriam approached her with an offer to find a Hebrew woman who would be able to nurse the child. There were no baby formulas like there are today.

“And Pharaoh's daughter said to her, Go. And the maid went and called the child's mother. And Pharaoh's daughter said unto her, Take this child away, and nurse it for me, and I will give thee thy wages. And the woman took the child, and nursed it.” (Exodus 2:8-9)

When her offer was accepted, Miriam called her mother and a deal was settled whereby the mother would be paid to raise her own son, at Pharaoh’s expense, and under his protection.

“And the child grew, and she brought him unto Pharaoh's daughter, and he became her son. And she called his name Moses: and she said, Because I drew him out of the water.” (Exodus 2:10)

As soon as he was old enough to not require nursing, the baby was turned over to the princess, who adopted him as her son. She gave him the name “Moses“, or “rescued” and the fact of rescuing him created a special bond. Though he was of the slave people, he was raised as an Egyptian prince receiving the education and benefits of being a prince. Acts 7:22 tells us, “And Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and was mighty in words and in deeds.”

“And it came to pass in those days, when Moses was grown, that he went out unto his brethren, and looked on their burdens: and he spied an Egyptian smiting an Hebrew, one of his brethren. And he looked this way and that way, and when he saw that there was no man, he slew the Egyptian, and hid him in the sand.” (Exodus 2:11-12)

Though he had been raised as an Egyptian, Moses never forgot his parents or his Hebrew heritage. The treatment of his people by the Egyptians always rankled. When he was forty years old, he witnessed a Hebrew man being abused by one of the Egyptians. Incensed, he killed the Egyptian after making sure no one was looking, and buried the body in the sand.

“And when he went out the second day, behold, two men of the Hebrews strove together: and he said to him that did the wrong, Wherefore smitest thou thy fellow?” (Exodus 2:13)

Confident no one knew what he’d done, Moses returned to visit the Hebrews the next day. Though they were slaves, the Hebrews were still human and had conflicts among themselves. Assuming they would recognize his intent to help them as being from God. Moses intervened in an effort to settle their dispute.

“And he said, Who made thee a prince and a judge over us? intendest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian? And Moses feared, and said, Surely this thing is known. Now when Pharaoh heard this thing, he sought to slay Moses. But Moses fled from the face of Pharaoh, and dwelt in the land of Midian: and he sat down by a well.” (Exodus 2:14-15)

Recognizing his guilt, the guilty party questioned whether Moses would kill him like he had killed the Egyptian, and challenged his authority to do anything. Moses had assumed no one knew but as Luke 8:17 tells us, “For nothing is secret, that shall not be made manifest; neither any thing hid, that shall not be known and come abroad.” Before long, Pharaoh knew what had happened, and angry that Moses had betrayed his Egyptian upbringing, sought to kill him. Moses fled to the land of the Middianites to escape Pharaoh’s reach. Finding a well, he stopped to rest and consider his options.

Attempted Genocide

2012-01-05T11:54:00.000-08:00

Exodus 1:1-22

Tradition has it that the Pentateuch was all written by Moses. The style of writing and details given imply that it was written by numerous individuals, each recording his own time. The frequent genealogical records establish that each writer is recording different time periods but following the same family. It is probable that Moses wrote or dictated most of the book of Exodus. Though what was written was inspired by God, both I John 1:1-5 and II Peter 1:16-21 stress that the apostles wrote what they had observed and heard themselves. There is no reason to suppose that God would not have maintained a similar standard for the Old Testament.

“Now these are the names of the children of Israel, which came into Egypt; every man and his household came with Jacob. Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah, Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin, Dan, and Naphtali, Gad, and Asher. And all the souls that came out of the loins of Jacob were seventy souls: for Joseph was in Egypt already.” (Exodus 1:1-5)

Genesis finished with the death of Joseph. Exodus starts at the same point and describes events for about the next four hundred years, until about 1650 BC. Under Joseph’s administration, the Egyptian people had become wards of the state, working for the pharaoh’s government. Jacob’s family retained their independence as resident aliens, living in the land of Goshen, and maintaining an entirely different culture. Freedom enabled them to grow and become more prosperous than the average Egyptian during the early part of the Middle Kingdom.

“And Joseph died, and all his brethren, and all that generation. And the children of Israel were fruitful, and increased abundantly, and multiplied, and waxed exceeding mighty; and the land was filled with them.” (Exodus 1:6-7)

During the early part of the Middle Kingdom, some of the greatest Egyptian public works were built by the Egyptian people. In an effort to expand their borders, various wars were fought. Being forced to work for the government, the people could not devote their energies to their own crops and progress and it became increasingly difficult for the government to collect enough revenue to pay for all the programs. Unwilling to cut their expenditures, the government began to focus on the only group besides the priests who still owned property, the Hebrews.

“Now there arose up a new king over Egypt, which knew not Joseph. And he said unto his people, Behold, the people of the children of Israel are more and mightier than we: Come on, let us deal wisely with them; lest they multiply, and it come to pass, that, when there falleth out any war, they join also unto our enemies, and fight against us, and so get them up out of the land.” (Exodus 1:8-10)

By portraying the Hebrews as a potential threat, and emphasizing the differences in their culture, Pharaoh and his government got the people’s support in taking control of the Hebrews assets and making slaves of them as well. The Egyptians were not poor because of the Hebrews, but because the Egyptian government took so much from them. It seems that most people see taking away someone else’s benefits as more practical than getting their own. Throughout history, governments have played on this lack of understanding, resulting in slavery, prejudice, social injustice, and genocide. It was no different then than now.

“Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh treasure cities, Pithom and Raamses. But the more they afflicted them, the more they multiplied and grew. And they were grieved because of the children of Israel. And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigour: And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in mortar, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field: all their service, wherein they made them serve, was with rigour.” (Exodus 1:11-14)

Fear nearly always results in increased sexual activity in an effort to ensure their genetic survival and the Hebrews were no different. The Egyptians moved into military service and the more menial physical tasks were assigned to the Hebrews. The more they multiplied, the more prejudice and fear grew, and some way of reducing their population was sought. The Holocaust, and ethnic cleansings of the last hundred years are modern attempts to accomplish the same thing. Pharaoh wanted to limit the numbers while retaining his slaves.

“And the king of Egypt spake to the Hebrew midwives, of which the name of the one was Shiphrah, and the name of the other Puah: And he said, When ye do the office of a midwife to the Hebrew women, and see them upon the stools; if it be a son, then ye shall kill him: but if it be a daughter, then she shall live.

But the midwives feared God, and did not as the king of Egypt commanded them, but saved the men children alive.

And the king of Egypt called for the midwives, and said unto them, Why have ye done this thing, and have saved the men children alive?

And the midwives said unto Pharaoh, Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and are delivered ere the midwives come in unto them.” (Exodus 1:15-19)

Pharaoh ordered the midwives, the birthing specialists to kill any baby boy to minimize the danger of rebellion by the Hebrews, while saving the girls to be slaves. In effect they were to practice what is called in our day partial birth abortions, so the mothers would think the baby had had died in the birth process. Fearing God, the midwives refused to kill the babies.

Women who are physically fit have shorter and less painful deliveries, with the result that the babies experience far less stress in being born. In countries where the women do a lot of walking and physical activity, labor rarely lasts longer than three hours, while modern women frequently have ten or more hours. Because the Hebrew women were forced to work at physical jobs they experienced quicker deliveries than the Egyptian women, and the mid wives used the excuse that the babies had usually already been delivered by the time they arrived to explain why they weren’t killing them.

“Therefore God dealt well with the midwives: and the people multiplied, and waxed very mighty. And it came to pass, because the midwives feared God, that he made them houses. And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying, Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save alive.” (Exodus 1:20-22)

Instead of reducing the population of Hebrews, the rate of population growth increased. God blessed the midwives for putting his commands above the laws that were made, making their families grow as well. In an effort to accomplish his intent, Pharaoh commanded that not only the midwives were responsible for killing the babies. Nazi Germany encouraged ordinary people to kill Jews, and various modern leaders, from Saddam Hussein to Milosevic have done the similar things to eliminate a group they feared might gain power.

Not Sure Of Forgiveness

2012-01-04T11:33:00.000-08:00

Genesis 50:15-26

Nothing is harder to live with than a guilty conscience. Even after we have done everything possible to make things right the sense of guilt keeps recurring. The offended party may be able to put it completely out of his mind, but we never completely forget. For seventeen years, they had lived in Egypt, blessed by his largesse, but Joseph’s brothers had never forgotten what they had done to him. Just as Jacob had feared retaliation from Esau, even after meeting him and being reassured of his love, Joseph’s brothers feared retribution.

“And when Joseph's brethren saw that their father was dead, they said, Joseph will peradventure hate us, and will certainly requite us all the evil which we did unto him. And they sent a messenger unto Joseph, saying, Thy father did command before he died, saying, So shall ye say unto Joseph, Forgive, I pray thee now, the trespass of thy brethren, and their sin; for they did unto thee evil: and now, we pray thee, forgive the trespass of the servants of the God of thy father.” (Genesis 50:15-17a)

Though Joseph had reassured them of his forgiveness when he revealed himself to them, the brothers suspected that he hadn’t retaliated out of respect for his father, rather than because he had forgiven them. A guilty conscience makes forgiveness hard to accept. Just as Jacob had sent various gifts in an effort to divert the retribution he felt he deserved, the brothers made up a story about having told Jacob what had happened and his commanding Joseph to forgive them.

"And Joseph wept when they spake unto him. And his brethren also went and fell down before his face; and they said, Behold, we be thy servants.” (Genesis 50:17b-18)

It broke Joseph’s heart to know that they were still worrying about retaliation. He had forgiven them even before he revealed himself to them, and had tried to tell them so. In Hebrews 10:16-17 God said, “This is the covenant that I will make with them after those days, saith the Lord, I will put my laws into their hearts, and in their minds will I write them; And their sins and iniquities will I remember no more.” How many times must God weep when we don’t accept his forgiveness and assume that some bad thing happened because of some long past sin? While there are consequences that arise as a result of sin, they are the natural result, not retribution from God, if the sin has been repented of.

“And Joseph said unto them, Fear not: for am I in the place of God? But as for you, ye thought evil against me; but God meant it unto good, to bring to pass, as it is this day, to save much people alive. Now therefore fear ye not: I will nourish you, and your little ones. And he comforted them, and spake kindly unto them.” (Genesis 50:19-21)

Joseph recognized something many people don’t recognize, that in refusing to forgive others, we set ourselves above God, implying it is worse to act against us than against God. Mark 11:25-26 commands, “And when ye stand praying, forgive, if ye have ought against any: that your Father also which is in heaven may forgive you your trespasses. But if ye do not forgive, neither will your Father which is in heaven forgive your trespasses.” When we begin to set ourselves above God, we need to remember that “…the LORD thy God is a consuming fire, even a jealous God,” according to Deuteronomy 4:24. Instead, like Joseph, we are to “…be ye kind one to another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, even as God for Christ's sake hath forgiven you,” as Ephesians 4:32 commands.

“And Joseph dwelt in Egypt, he, and his father's house: and Joseph lived an hundred and ten years. And Joseph saw Ephraim's children of the third generation: the children also of Machir the son of Manasseh were brought up upon Joseph's knees.” (Genesis 50:22-23)

Joseph lived about fifty four more years, with the rest of his family, living to see his great grand children, even living with his grandson Machir and helping raise his children. What a blessing to a man who’d been separated from his family and believed dead for over twenty years.

“And Joseph said unto his brethren, I die: and God will surely visit you, and bring you out of this land unto the land which he sware to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob. And Joseph took an oath of the children of Israel, saying, God will surely visit you, and ye shall carry up my bones from hence. Joseph died, being an hundred and ten years old: and they embalmed him, and he was put in a coffin in Egypt.” (Genesis 50:24-26)

Before his death, Joseph reminded his relatives that God had promised Abraham that they would return to Canaan one day. He got them to promise that when it happened, they would take his body back to be buried there. He was embalmed and put into a coffin to protect his body until that time came, and remained there for over four hundred years.

Death of Jacob

2012-01-02T10:33:00.000-08:00

Genesis 50:1-14

“And Joseph fell upon his father's face, and wept upon him, and kissed him. And Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father: and the physicians embalmed Israel. And forty days were fulfilled for him; for so are fulfilled the days of those which are embalmed: and the Egyptians mourned for him threescore and ten days.” (Genesis 50:1-3)

People’s choice of body disposal have a lot to do with their beliefs. One family wanted a sealed concrete vault and steel casket so God wouldn’t be able to get the body out on judgment day! I could get them out myself! Others want to be cremated so God won’t be able to find their ashes, or so they won’t tie up valuable land. A Mormon lady refused to be buried in the local cemetery because it isn’t well cared for and she didn’t want to spend eternity in such a place. As many Mormons believe a woman has to be resurrected by her husband, apparently she doubted her husband’s desire to be married to her for “time and eternity.”

In Genesis 3:19 God said, “In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.” The embalming process, whether the Egyptian one that took forty days, or the modern methods that require just a couple of hours, is designed to slow or prevent the decay and return to dust. Like some today, the Egyptians believed that if the body was destroyed, it couldn’t be resurrected. They practiced embalming so they would have an after life.

Living among the Egyptians, Joseph found it necessary to go along with many of their customs to keep from offending them, even though he knew it made no difference to God. He can open the concrete vault, or reconstitute the cremated or decayed body with no difficulty. However Jacob had insisted on being buried in the Cave of Machpelah, and it would be far more pleasant to transport a body that was not rotting away. Embalming was originally started in the United States to enable delaying the funeral for a few days to allow mourners to come for the funeral without others having to deal with the stench of decay. Refrigeration makes the practice unnecessary today, but the laws have not been changed.

After embalming, the Egyptians maintained a seventy day viewing period before burying the body to give people time to grieve. Few people today realize how important the grieving period is to mental health. Many today try to skip it by avoiding funerals, and leave themselves unable to adjust for years, while others focus on the grief to such a degree they never accept the persons death. Both are emotionally harmful.

“And when the days of his mourning were past, Joseph spake unto the house of Pharaoh, saying, If now I have found grace in your eyes, speak, I pray you, in the ears of Pharaoh, saying, My father made me swear, saying, Lo, I die: in my grave which I have digged for me in the land of Canaan, there shalt thou bury me. Now therefore let me go up, I pray thee, and bury my father, and I will come again.

And Pharaoh said, Go up, and bury thy father, according as he made thee swear.

And Joseph went up to bury his father: and with him went up all the servants of Pharaoh, the elders of his house, and all the elders of the land of Egypt, And all the house of Joseph, and his brethren, and his father's house: only their little ones, and their flocks, and their herds, they left in the land of Goshen. And there went up with him both chariots and horsemen: and it was a very great company. And they came to the threshingfloor of Atad, which is beyond Jordan, and there they mourned with a great and very sore lamentation: and he made a mourning for his father seven days.” (Genesis 50:4-10)

Pharaoh was happy to allow Joseph to fulfill his father’s death wish. And the entire family, except the children made the trip, leaving their belongings and cattle behind. The Egyptians also sent a contingent with him, and seven more days of mourning were observed.

“And when the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites, saw the mourning in the floor of Atad, they said, This is a grievous mourning to the Egyptians: wherefore the name of it was called Abelmizraim, which is beyond Jordan.” (Genesis 50:11)

Jacob had only been gone seventeen years and many Canaanites still remembered him.
They placed far less emphasis on funerals, and they were impressed by the effort of the Egyptians. Obviously he had become an important figure to the Egyptians.

“And his sons did unto him according as he commanded them: For his sons carried him into the land of Canaan, and buried him in the cave of the field of Machpelah, which Abraham bought with the field for a possession of a buryingplace of Ephron the Hittite, before Mamre.” (Genesis 50:12-13)

Once all the mourning was completed, Jacob was buried by his family and they left with a sense of completion. The modern custom of leaving the cemetery before the grave is filled leaves many with a sense of not being finished. Once it was finished, they all returned to Egypt.

“And Joseph returned into Egypt, he, and his brethren, and all that went up with him to bury his father, after he had buried his father.” (Genesis 50:14)

Blessing Jacob’s Sons

2011-12-30T11:02:00.000-08:00

Genesis 49:1-33

“And Jacob called unto his sons, and said, Gather yourselves together, that I may tell you that which shall befall you in the last days. Gather yourselves together, and hear, ye sons of Jacob; and hearken unto Israel your father.” (Genesis 49:1-2)

Parents who have worked closely with their children know what they have been taught as well as getting familiar with their attitudes, and their basic nature. When the child marries and gets out into the world, they see how he responds to those things, and after a few years can make a fairly accurate prediction as to what he will do in the future.

As the parents age, they become increasingly aware they will not always be there to advise and warn their children. The ancient practice of blessing provided an unparalleled opportunity to share the father’s concerns or to encourage as needed. Many times as the parent sought for what to tell his children, God would give special insight. Unfortunately, the custom has been largely forgotten, to the detriment of modern society.

Today, the children often see parental suggestions to day as interference, not recognizing it as a serious concern. So much emphasis has been put on belongings and activities that few parents really know their children, and modern culture discounts the value of the parent’s experience, so that even when suggestions or warnings are given, they are usually resented or ignored. Parents who are not objective in their view of a child have distorted expectations as well, and may give flawed predictions, as Isaac attempted to do for Esau, but was thwarted by Rachel and Jacob’s deception. The children’s flawed perception of what is involved was clear in Esau’s begging for a blessing.

Jacob was very near death, and he called his children together to bless them with his insights. Few realize what a blessing their parent’s insights can be until it is too late.

“Reuben, thou art my firstborn, my might, and the beginning of my strength, the excellency of dignity, and the excellency of power: Unstable as water, thou shalt not excel; because thou wentest up to thy father's bed; then defiledst thou it: he went up to my couch.” (Genesis 49:3-4)

As the oldest Reuben was expected to be the example for all the others. Instead, he had become hesitant and indecisive, probably in an effort to avoid the constant conflict in the family. That unwillingness to take a stance resulted in his having an affair with his stepmother. It also enabled his brothers to sell Joseph as a slave. Because he would pass it on to his children, they would never be a strong tribe either.

“Simeon and Levi are brethren; instruments of cruelty are in their habitations. O my soul, come not thou into their secret; unto their assembly, mine honour, be not thou united: for in their anger they slew a man, and in their selfwill they digged down a wall. Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce; and their wrath, for it was cruel: I will divide them in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel.” (Genesis 49:5-7)

Unlike Reuben, Simeon and Levi never acknowledge doubt. Once they reach a conclusion they will allow nothing or nobody to deter them. When they get angry, no amount of logic would dissuade them. It was this unswerving determination that caused them to break their agreement, murdering the men of Shechem and destroying the city, leaving a lot of families fatherless and homeless. When Israel became a nation, Levi and Simeon were to be separated to prevent their getting together and egging each other on, as they would tend to develop that same attitude in their children. That total focus would make the tribe of Levi a good choice for the priests as they would be very strict, but it also made it dangerous when they got focused on the wrong things.

“Judah, thou art he whom thy brethren shall praise: thy hand shall be in the neck of thine enemies; thy father's children shall bow down before thee. Judah is a lion's whelp: from the prey, my son, thou art gone up: he stooped down, he couched as a lion, and as an old lion; who shall rouse him up? The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come; and unto him shall the gathering of the people be. Binding his foal unto the vine, and his ass's colt unto the choice vine; he washed his garments in wine, and his clothes in the blood of grapes: His eyes shall be red with wine, and his teeth white with milk.” (Genesis 49:8-12)

Though he was the youngest of Leah’s sons, Reuben was the acknowledged leader. He could be almost as dedicated to his goals as Simeon and Levi, but he would listen to reason. He was also willing to take responsibility for his actions and acknowledge he was wrong. As a result, the greatest kings of Israel and all the kings of Judah would come from his tribe. Ultimately, the Messiah, the King of Kings would come from his tribe. This prophecy was made more than two thousand years before Christ was born.

“Zebulun shall dwell at the haven of the sea; and he shall be for an haven of ships; and his border shall be unto Zidon.” (Genesis 49:13)

By nature, Zebulon was more interested in trading and boats than in farming and cattle. Four hundred years later, he would claim a costal recgion near the Phoenician cities of Tyre and Sidon and build one of the most important harbors in Israel, near present day Haifa.

“Issachar is a strong ass couching down between two burdens: And he saw that rest was good, and the land that it was pleasant; and bowed his shoulder to bear, and became a servant unto tribute.” (Genesis 49:14-15)

Issachar was willing to do his share and more, but he was pretty easygoing and would prefer to be left alone. That easy going attitude would make his tribe susceptible to being conquered by various other groups.

“Dan shall judge his people, as one of the tribes of Israel. Dan shall be a serpent by the way, an adder in the path, that biteth the horse heels, so that his rider shall fall backward. I have waited for thy salvation, O LORD.” (Genesis 49:16-18)

Dan was capable of leading but often held back, not gaining much attention. Samson was of the tribe of Dan, and caught the Philistines by surprise, destroying their power.

“Gad, a troop shall overcome him: but he shall overcome at the last.” (Genesis 49:19)

Like Issachar, Gad was easy going and would be easily conquered initially, but when aroused would drive out his opponents.

“Out of Asher his bread shall be fat, and he shall yield royal dainties.” (Genesis 49:20)

Asher would primarily focus on their farming and producing ample food, providing some of the very best, and growing things the others didn’t bother with.

“Naphtali is a hind let loose: he giveth goodly words.” (Genesis 49:21)

Naphtali was quick to make a commitment, but easily distracted and some what undependable.

“Joseph is a fruitful bough, even a fruitful bough by a well; whose branches run over the wall: The archers have sorely grieved him, and shot at him, and hated him: But his bow abode in strength, and the arms of his hands were made strong by the hands of the mighty God of Jacob; (from thence is the shepherd, the stone of Israel:) Even by the God of thy father, who shall help thee; and by the Almighty, who shall bless thee with blessings of heaven above, blessings of the deep that lieth under, blessings of the breasts, and of the womb: The blessings of thy father have prevailed above the blessings of my progenitors unto the utmost bound of the everlasting hills: they shall be on the head of Joseph, and on the crown of the head of him that was separate from his brethren.” (Genesis 49:22-26)

Joseph was Jacob’s favorite, but he had proven his mettle, rising to the leadership of Egypt, even after being isolated from his family and enslaved. More than any of his brothers, he had learned to depend on God, the rock of Israel. Both Ephraim and Manasseh would be powerful tribes in Israel, although Ephraim would be the more influential.

“Benjamin shall ravin as a wolf: in the morning he shall devour the prey, and at night he shall divide the spoil.” (Genesis 49:27)

Benjamin would become one of the most important tribes of Israel militarily, but like the wolf, sharing the results of their victories, rather than keeping it for themselves. The first king, Saul was of the tribe of Benjamin, and when Israel split into two kingdoms, Judah and Benjamin were the two tribes who united to form the nation of Judah.

“All these are the twelve tribes of Israel: and this is it that their father spake unto them, and blessed them; every one according to his blessing he blessed them.” (Genesis 49:28)

Jacob’s family culture had produced certain attitudes and characteristics in each of his sons, and they passed them along to their children. Centuries later, those same traits would show up in their descendants, and affect the entire nation of Israel. We seldom consider how much our attitudes and behavior have been learned from our ancestors or how ours will affect future generations. The effects are seen in families and even in entire states and countries.

“And he charged them, and said unto them, I am to be gathered unto my people: bury me with my fathers in the cave that is in the field of Ephron the Hittite, In the cave that is in the field of Machpelah, which is before Mamre, in the land of Canaan, which Abraham bought with the field of Ephron the Hittite for a possession of a buryingplace. There they buried Abraham and Sarah his wife; there they buried Isaac and Rebekah his wife; and there I buried Leah. The purchase of the field and of the cave that is therein was from the children of Heth.” (Genesis 49:29-32)

While he had already told Joseph that he wanted to be buried in Canaan, Jacob made it point to inform all the others as well, preventing any future conflict. He wanted them to know that while they were living in Egypt, Canaan was still their rightful home, and that they would return there.

“And when Jacob had made an end of commanding his sons, he gathered up his feet into the bed, and yielded up the ghost, and was gathered unto his people.” (Genesis 49:33)

Jacob had been sick for some time and was forced to bless his children sitting on the side of the bed. At peace that he had done all he could to guide them, he lay back down and relaxed, and died peaceably.

Ephraim And Manasseh Blessed

2011-12-29T12:22:00.000-08:00

Genesis 48:1-22

"And it came to pass after these things, that one told Joseph, Behold, thy father is sick: and he took with him his two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim. And one told Jacob, and said, Behold, thy son Joseph cometh unto thee: and Israel strengthened himself, and sat upon the bed." (Genesis 48:1-22)

At the age of a hundred forty seven, Jacob was undoubtedly experiencing some health problems, and his death seemed imminent. When Joseph was told of his father’s illness, he made a special trip to Goshen with his two sons, to visit Jacob for what might be the last time. The news of his coming was relayed to Jacob and he wanted to appear at his best, sitting up when Joseph arrived.

“And Jacob said unto Joseph, God Almighty appeared unto me at Luz in the land of Canaan, and blessed me, And said unto me, Behold, I will make thee fruitful, and multiply thee, and I will make of thee a multitude of people; and will give this land to thy seed after thee for an everlasting possession. And now thy two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh, which were born unto thee in the land of Egypt before I came unto thee into Egypt, are mine; as Reuben and Simeon, they shall be mine. And thy issue, which thou begettest after them, shall be thine, and shall be called after the name of their brethren in their inheritance. And as for me, when I came from Padan, Rachel died by me in the land of Canaan in the way, when yet there was but a little way to come unto Ephrath: and I buried her there in the way of Ephrath; the same is Bethlehem.” (Genesis 48:3-7)

Jacob then repeated what God told him about giving him and his heirs the land of Canaan forever. Joseph’s two sons were to inherit as Jacob’s sons, although any other children would have to inherit through Joseph. There would never be a tribe of Joseph, but Ephraim and Manasseh would each form their own tribe, and any brothers or sisters they had would become parts of one of their tribes. Technically there would be thirteen tribes, but as we see later, the tribe of Levi was never given a land of their own, as a separate tribe, but always a portion among each of the other tribes.

“And Israel beheld Joseph's sons, and said, Who are these? And Joseph said unto his father, They are my sons, whom God hath given me in this place. And he said, Bring them, I pray thee, unto me, and I will bless them. Now the eyes of Israel were dim for age, so that he could not see. And he brought them near unto him; and he kissed them, and embraced them. And Israel said unto Joseph, I had not thought to see thy face: and, lo, God hath showed me also thy seed.” (Genesis 48:8-11)

Jacob was losing his sight, and he didn’t immediately see Ephraim and Manasseh. When told who they were, he asked that they come close enough so he could embrace and kiss them. It was an emotional moment because for twenty two years he had believed his son dead, and now he was seeing his grandsons.

“And Joseph brought them out from between his knees, and he bowed himself with his face to the earth. And Joseph took them both, Ephraim in his right hand toward Israel's left hand, and Manasseh in his left hand toward Israel's right hand, and brought them near unto him.

And Israel stretched out his right hand, and laid it upon Ephraim's head, who was the younger, and his left hand upon Manasseh's head, guiding his hands wittingly; for Manasseh was the firstborn. And he blessed Joseph, and said, God, before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac did walk, the God which fed me all my life long unto this day, The Angel which redeemed me from all evil, bless the lads; and let my name be named on them, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac; and let them grow into a multitude in the midst of the earth.” (Genesis 48:12-16)

When Joseph brought the boys forward, with Ephraim on his right and Manasseh on his left, Jacob deliberately crossed his arms to place his right hand on Ephraim’s head and his left on Manasseh’s, and began to pronounce a blessing on them, assigning the promises he had received to them as if they were his own children.

“And when Joseph saw that his father laid his right hand upon the head of Ephraim, it displeased him: and he held up his father's hand, to remove it from Ephraim's head unto Manasseh's head. And Joseph said unto his father, Not so, my father: for this is the firstborn; put thy right hand upon his head.” (Genesis 48:17-18)

It was customary to place the right hand on the elder son as the rightful heir, and Joseph had deliberately placed his sons as he had to make it easy for his Dad. It troubled him that his father gave primacy to Ephraim, and he spoke out to correct what he perceived as a mistake on Jacob’s part. He may have thought Jacob was trying to do what he had tried to do in arranging the boys that way.

“And his father refused, and said, I know it, my son, I know it: he also shall become a people, and he also shall be great: but truly his younger brother shall be greater than he, and his seed shall become a multitude of nations. And he blessed them that day, saying, In thee shall Israel bless, saying, God make thee as Ephraim and as Manasseh: and he set Ephraim before Manasseh.” (Genesis 48:19-20)

Jacob had knowingly crossed his arms, having been informed of God that Ephraim would be the greater of the two. The blessing was not simply a matter of expressing the parents opinions, but involved a prophecy from God beyond mere human power.

“And Israel said unto Joseph, Behold, I die: but God shall be with you, and bring you again unto the land of your fathers. Moreover I have given to thee one portion above thy brethren, which I took out of the hand of the Amorite with my sword and with my bow.” (Genesis 48:21-22)

Israel then reminded Joseph of the promises of God to be with them and return them safely to Canaan. By making Ephraim and Manasseh his heirs, Jacob had effectively given Joseph twice as big a part in Israel as any of his brothers.

We have no record of the fighting Jacob may have had to do to obtain and hold the land he had occupied in Canaan. There is a great deal we don’t know about Jacob’s life but according to II Timothy 3;16-17, we have all the information we need. “All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness: That the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good works.” II Peter 1:3 reinforces the idea. “According as his divine power hath given unto us all things that pertain unto life and godliness, through the knowledge of him that hath called us to glory and virtue:” Every story and passage in scripture is important for our understanding, but nothing of value has been left out.

Socializing Egypt

2011-12-28T11:09:00.000-08:00

Genesis 47:13-31

“And there was no bread in all the land; for the famine was very sore, so that the land of Egypt and all the land of Canaan fainted by reason of the famine. And Joseph gathered up all the money that was found in the land of Egypt, and in the land of Canaan, for the corn which they bought: and Joseph brought the money into Pharaoh's house.

Through the years, people had experienced numerous famines in the region, and had learned to save some back to carry them through a year or two. Famines usually didn’t last any longer than that, and there would be enough runoff from the highlands to produce some crops to survive. After three years with almost no rainfall even in the mountains, their savings were exhausted. The grain that had been taken from the people during the seven good years and stored was all that there was. Instead of buying a little to supplement what they grew, they had to buy everything, and it wasn’t just the Egyptians who needed food. Selling the grain brought a lot of revenue into Pharaoh’s coffers, and as people got more desperate, they were willing to pay more for the grain, resulting in inflation.

“And when money failed in the land of Egypt, and in the land of Canaan, all the Egyptians came unto Joseph, and said, Give us bread: for why should we die in thy presence? for the money faileth. And Joseph said, Give your cattle; and I will give you for your cattle, if money fail. And they brought their cattle unto Joseph: and Joseph gave them bread in exchange for horses, and for the flocks, and for the cattle of the herds, and for the asses: and he fed them with bread for all their cattle for that year.” (Genesis 47:15-17)

The inflated prices of grain made it too expensive to keep the cattle. Without food the cattle would die and be useless as food themselves, so the price of cattle decreased. Inflation in one area always causes the value of other things to decrease or deflate. When they ran out of money, people were forced to sell their cattle to the government at reduced(deflated) prices, and before long Pharaoh owned all the cattle, although the people continued to care for them.

“When that year was ended, they came unto him the second year, and said unto him, We will not hide it from my lord, how that our money is spent; my lord also hath our herds of cattle; there is not ought left in the sight of my lord, but our bodies, and our lands: Wherefore shall we die before thine eyes, both we and our land? buy us and our land for bread, and we and our land will be servants unto Pharaoh: and give us seed, that we may live, and not die, that the land be not desolate.” (Genesis 47:18-19)

The following year, with no money or cattle, the people were forced to sell their land to obtain food, and the government was the only one who had food or money, this forced the prices of the land down causing a collapse of the land and housing markets. It wasn’t long before Pharaoh owned all the land as well. It was much like what happened in the United states ansd other countries during the great depression when the government began to seize properties of people who were not able to pay their taxes and support themselves.

“And Joseph bought all the land of Egypt for Pharaoh; for the Egyptians sold every man his field, because the famine prevailed over them: so the land became Pharaoh's. And as for the people, he removed them to cities from one end of the borders of Egypt even to the other end thereof. Only the land of the priests bought he not; for the priests had a portion assigned them of Pharaoh, and did eat their portion which Pharaoh gave them: wherefore they sold not their lands.

Then Joseph said unto the people, Behold, I have bought you this day and your land for Pharaoh: lo, here is seed for you, and ye shall sow the land. And it shall come to pass in the increase, that ye shall give the fifth part unto Pharaoh, and four parts shall be your own, for seed of the field, and for your food, and for them of your households, and for food for your little ones. And they said, Thou hast saved our lives: let us find grace in the sight of my lord, and we will be Pharaoh's servants.

And Joseph made it a law over the land of Egypt unto this day, that Pharaoh should have the fifth part; except the land of the priests only, which became not Pharaoh's.” (Genesis 47:20-26)

With no land of their own, the people had no way of supporting themselves and no place for a home. They were then forced to live where the government wanted and to work for the government, on the government‘s terms, in exchange for the government providing welfare benefits. The social program that had been intended to save their lives had become the means of making them wards of the government, and the people were so grateful for being alive they didn’t consider the freedom they had lost. This sacrifice of freedom is an inherent danger with any social programs, and was a major factor in Egyptian history throughout the period of the Middle Kingdom. It was during the early part of the Middle Kingdom that many of the great stone public works were built, although later works were built of brick of decreasing quality, corresponding to what the book of Exodus describes. During this time Egypt became a great military power, invading Nubia and other countries, and expanding their borders.

Joseph was quite benevolent in his terms, requiring only twenty percent of their crops, while supplying the land, the irrigation, and the seed. Today, most people would be delighted with a flat tax of twenty percent, even if they had to provide their own land and raw materials. One class of people, the priests, were granted special privileges under the system. Government programs inevitably seem to create a class system, giving special privileges to particular groups, whether they be religious leaders, military leaders, politicians, or bankers and industrialists.

“And Israel dwelt in the land of Egypt, in the country of Goshen; and they had possessions therein, and grew, and multiplied exceedingly. And Jacob lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years: so the whole age of Jacob was an hundred forty and seven years.” (Genesis 47:27-28)

With Joseph administering the system, Jacob’s family were protected from the loss of their land and livestock, growing rapidly, as long as Joseph ran the country. Unfortunately, this protection caused resentment among the Egyptians, and as Exodus tells us, after Josephs’ death, the Jews became even more completely slaves to the government. They would remain as slaves for four hundred years, just as God had warned Abraham in Genesis 15.

“And the time drew nigh that Israel must die: and he called his son Joseph, and said unto him, If now I have found grace in thy sight, put, I pray thee, thy hand under my thigh, and deal kindly and truly with me; bury me not, I pray thee, in Egypt: But I will lie with my fathers, and thou shalt carry me out of Egypt, and bury me in their buryingplace. And he said, I will do as thou hast said. And he said, Swear unto me. And he sware unto him. And Israel bowed himself upon the bed's head.” (Genesis 47:29-31)

While Jacob lived seventeen years in Egypt, he never considered it home. As his death drew near he became determined be buried in Canaan, along side his ancestors in the cave of Machpelah. He elicited a promise from Joseph that he would see that his wishes were carried out.

Establishing Residency

2011-12-27T04:53:00.000-08:00

Genesis 46:28-47:10

Joseph had recommended that Jacob’s family live in Goshen, in the Northeastern part of Egypt, just west of the Sinai peninsula. Besides being on their way into Egypt, much of it was not suitable for irrigation and thus was largely unoccupied, making it ideal for raising cattle. Jacob and his family went straight to the area, sending Judah ahead to let Joseph know they had arrive and would be expecting him.

“And he sent Judah before him unto Joseph, to direct his face unto Goshen; and they came into the land of Goshen. And Joseph made ready his chariot, and went up to meet Israel his father, to Goshen, and presented himself unto him; and he fell on his neck, and wept on his neck a good while.

And Israel said unto Joseph, Now let me die, since I have seen thy face, because thou art yet alive.” (Genesis 46:28-30)

Joseph wasted no time going to see his father in Goshen, and they had a very emotional reunion. After all, Jacob had believed his favorite son was dead for twenty-two years. He felt he could die happy, just having seen Joseph, and knowing he was still alive.

“And Joseph said unto his brethren, and unto his father's house, I will go up, and show Pharaoh, and say unto him, My brethren, and my father's house, which were in the land of Canaan, are come unto me; And the men are shepherds, for their trade hath been to feed cattle; and they have brought their flocks, and their herds, and all that they have. And it shall come to pass, when Pharaoh shall call you, and shall say, What is your occupation? That ye shall say, Thy servants' trade hath been about cattle from our youth even until now, both we, and also our fathers: that ye may dwell in the land of Goshen; for every shepherd is an abomination unto the Egyptians.” (Genesis 46:31-34)

Joseph stressed that when they came before Pharaoh to get their visas, they should list herdsman as their occupation. By doing so, they would not be pressured to move into the more developed irrigated areas, because the Egyptians had a rather low opinion of herders. The prejudice had a logical origin.

Cattle and sheep don’t recognize boundaries or discriminate between plants people planted and what grows naturally. Fields are like a buffet table, loaded with foods they don’t get all in one place. The cattle often seem to view barriers such as fences as a challenge to be overcome, and work at circumventing them. In the process they trample and destroy the banks of irrigation ditches misdirecting the water, step on and break tools and valuables and knock over structures. Farmers and businessmen resent the damage done to their property and resent the necessity to protect their property from invasion. Unfortunately some herdsmen consider it other people’s responsibility to keep their cows out, rather than their own, and make no effort to protect other people‘s property. Even those who try to keep them out occasionally fail. By allowing Jacob and his family to stay in Goshen, Pharaoh could prevent a lot of conflict.

“Then Joseph came and told Pharaoh, and said, My father and my brethren, and their flocks, and their herds, and all that they have, are come out of the land of Canaan; and, behold, they are in the land of Goshen. And he took some of his brethren, even five men, and presented them unto Pharaoh.

And Pharaoh said unto his brethren, What is your occupation? And they said unto Pharaoh, Thy servants are shepherds, both we, and also our fathers. They said moreover unto Pharaoh, For to sojourn in the land are we come; for thy servants have no pasture for their flocks; for the famine is sore in the land of Canaan: now therefore, we pray thee, let thy servants dwell in the land of Goshen.” (Genesis 47:1-4)

Though they were Joseph’s own family, and were desperate, Jacob’s family had to enter the country and obtain permission to take up residence legally. Many who have come to the Navajo reservation as missionaries feel that they have no obligation to consider the rights of the people whose land it is. It is not unlike the problem of illegal immigration in the United States.

“And Pharaoh spake unto Joseph, saying, Thy father and thy brethren are come unto thee: The land of Egypt is before thee; in the best of the land make thy father and brethren to dwell; in the land of Goshen let them dwell: and if thou knowest any men of activity among them, then make them rulers over my cattle.” (Genesis 47:5-6)

Just as cowboys, sheep herders and farmers are looked down on by many today, cattlemen and sheepherders were viewed as inferior by the Egyptians. As a result few Egyptians were willing to take such jobs. Since they still needed the food, Pharaoh was glad to have workers who were willing to do that kind of work and offered employment for any who wanted it. Again, the situation was very much like that of the United States today. One reason unemployment is so high today is that people look down on the jobs that are available. Removing the stigma against blue collar work would do more for our economy than any stimulus program. It would also help our illegal alien problem, by reducing the number of high paying jobs available for them.

“And Joseph brought in Jacob his father, and set him before Pharaoh: and Jacob blessed Pharaoh.

And Pharaoh said unto Jacob, How old art thou?

And Jacob said unto Pharaoh, The days of the years of my pilgrimage are an hundred and thirty years: few and evil have the days of the years of my life been, and have not attained unto the days of the years of the life of my fathers in the days of their pilgrimage. And Jacob blessed Pharaoh, and went out from before Pharaoh.” (Genesis 47:7-10)

It is always a pleasure to share our accomplishments with those we love, and to introduce them to those who contribute to those accomplishments. Joseph couldn’t wait to introduce his father to Pharaoh, and because of his interest in Joseph, Pharaoh was interested in Joseph’s family. One thing we learn with age is that people who are genuinely interested in us will be interested in knowing about the things we are interested in simply because they know it interests us. If they don’t want to know, their interest in us is selfish. It is one reason the Lord makes an issue of our love for other Christians. As I John 4:20 asks, “If a man say, I love God, and hateth his brother, he is a liar: for he that loveth not his brother whom he hath seen, how can he love God whom he hath not seen?”

Notice Jacob’s statement about his life, “few and evil have the days of the years of my life been, and have not attained unto the days of the years of the life of my fathers in the days of their pilgrimage.” He was complaining that he was only a hundred thirty and felt old! Our attitude controls a lot of how blessed we feel. Jacob felt he had missed out on a lot despite all the blessings he had received. He had spent a hundred thirty years trying to get more, rather than enjoying what God had given him.

“And Joseph placed his father and his brethren, and gave them a possession in the land of Egypt, in the best of the land, in the land of Rameses, as Pharaoh had commanded. And Joseph nourished his father, and his brethren, and all his father's household, with bread, according to their families.” (Genesis 47:11-12)

Egypt had eleven different pharaohs named Ramses. Goshen included part of the Nile delta, making it some of the most valuable land in Egypt. The land became Pharaoh’s property under Joseph’s administration, setting the stage for the middle kingdom, beginning about 2050 BC.

Jacob Goes to Egypt

2011-12-26T05:10:00.000-08:00

Genesis 45:25-46:27

“And they went up out of Egypt, and came into the land of Canaan unto Jacob their father, And told him, saying, Joseph is yet alive, and he is governor over all the land of Egypt. And Jacob's heart fainted, for he believed them not.” (Genesis 45:25-26)

For at least twenty two years, Jacob’s sons had lived with the guilt of having sold their brother into slavery, and the sorrow it had caused their father. Apprehension about being charged with espionage and perhaps having Benjamin taken from them must have been made worse by their awareness of guilt. When Joseph revealed who he was, The apprehension was relieved, and his forgiveness did a lot to relieve their feelings of guilt. Telling their father about Joseph would alleviate his grief, although their deception would almost certainly come out. They couldn’t wait to get home and tell Jacob. Jacob found it very hard to accept that after twenty two years of mourning for Joseph he had been found alive, and was an important official in Egypt.

“And they told him all the words of Joseph, which he had said unto them: and when he saw the wagons which Joseph had sent to carry him, the spirit of Jacob their father revived: And Israel said, It is enough; Joseph my son is yet alive: I will go and see him before I die. And Israel took his journey with all that he had, and came to Beersheba, and offered sacrifices unto the God of his father Isaac.” (Genesis 45:27-46:1)

When they told him everything Joseph had said, about how God had sent him into Egypt to save their lives and everything else., and Jacob saw the wagons and meals that had been provided, he finally believed them. He started for Egypt with eager anticipation, taking time to thank God when he came to Beersheba where Isaac had lived so long.

“And God spake unto Israel in the visions of the night, and said, Jacob, Jacob. And he said, Here am I. And he said, I am God, the God of thy father: fear not to go down into Egypt; for I will there make of thee a great nation: I will go down with thee into Egypt; and I will also surely bring thee up again: and Joseph shall put his hand upon thine eyes.” (Genesis 46:2-4)

When Jacob took time to worship and thank God, he spoke to him again. Throughout Abraham’s life God regularly spoke personally to him, but Jacob rarely experienced such communion. It was not that God didn’t desire to communicate with him, but that Jacob was too busy doing his own thing to listen. Too many people are like the teenager who doesn’t stop to listen to his parents or the wife who gets out her vacuum cleaner and starts vacuuming when her husband starts talking, then complains they never talk. Unless we stop and listen, we don’t even hear his efforts to speak to us.

“And Jacob rose up from Beersheba: and the sons of Israel carried Jacob their father, and their little ones, and their wives, in the wagons which Pharaoh had sent to carry him. And they took their cattle, and their goods, which they had gotten in the land of Canaan, and came into Egypt, Jacob, and all his seed with him: His sons, and his sons' sons with him, his daughters, and his sons' daughters, and all his seed brought he with him into Egypt.” (Genesis 46:5-7)

From Beersheba, they traveled to Egypt as fast as possible taking everything they had. And believing what God had promised. Over two hundred years before, in Genesis 15:13, God had foretold that Israel would go into Egypt where they would be afflicted four hundred years, before returning to Canaan. Finally, the prophecy started to be fulfilled. Jacobs descendants who went into Egypt are listed by name, grouped according to which wife they descended from.

Leah’s descendants

Reuben

“And these are the names of the children of Israel, which came into Egypt, Jacob and his sons: Reuben, Jacob's firstborn. And the sons of Reuben; Hanoch, and Phallu, and Hezron, and Carmi. And the sons of Simeon; Jemuel, and Jamin, and Ohad, and Jachin, and Zohar, and Shaul the son of a Canaanitish woman.” (Genesis 46:8-10)

Levi

“And the sons of Levi; Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. And the sons of Judah; Er, and Onan, and Shelah, and Pharez, and Zarah: but Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan. And the sons of Pharez were Hezron and Hamul.” (Genesis 46:11-12)

Issachar

And the sons of Issachar; Tola, and Phuvah, and Job, and Shimron…” (Genesis 46:13a)

Zebulon

“…And the sons of Zebulun; Sered, and Elon, and Jahleel. These be the sons of Leah, which she bare unto Jacob in Padanaram,…” (Genesis 46:13b-14a)

Dinah

“…with his daughter Dinah: all the souls of his sons and his daughters were thirty and three.” (Genesis 46:13b-15)

Descendants of Zilpah

Gad

“And the sons of Gad; Ziphion, and Haggi, Shuni, and Ezbon, Eri, and Arodi, and Areli.” (Genwsis 46:16)

Asher

“And the sons of Asher; Jimnah, and Ishuah, and Isui, and Beriah, and Serah their sister: and the sons of Beriah; Heber, and Malchiel. These are the sons of Zilpah, whom Laban gave to Leah his daughter, and these she bare unto Jacob, even sixteen souls.” (Genesis 46:17-18)

Descendants of Rachael

Joseph

“The sons of Rachel Jacob's wife; Joseph, and Benjamin. And unto Joseph in the land of Egypt were born Manasseh and Ephraim, which Asenath the daughter of Potipherah priest of On bare unto him.” (Genesis 46:19-20)

Benjamin

“And the sons of Benjamin were Belah, and Becher, and Ashbel, Gera, and Naaman, Ehi, and Rosh, Muppim, and Huppim, and Ard. These are the sons of Rachel, which were born to Jacob: all the souls were fourteen.” (Genesis 46:21-22)

Descendants of Bilhah

Dan

“And the sons of Dan; Hushim.” (Genesis 46:23)

Naphtali

“And the sons of Naphtali; Jahzeel, and Guni, and Jezer, and Shillem. These are the sons of Bilhah, which Laban gave unto Rachel his daughter, and she bare these unto Jacob: all the souls were seven.” (Genesis 46:24-25)

“All the souls that came with Jacob into Egypt, which came out of his loins, besides Jacob's sons' wives, all the souls were threescore and six; And the sons of Joseph, which were born him in Egypt, were two souls: all the souls of the house of Jacob, which came into Egypt, were threescore and ten.” (Genesis 46:26-27)

The Old Kingdom of Egypt had collapsed and the Middle Kingdom had not yet emerged. Due to famine, much of the Middle East was forced to go to Egypt for food, and most of the records of the period consist only of grain sales and collections. Jacob’s little group of seventy people was so small it was hardly noticed in the hustle and bustle. At almost any other time in Egyptian history, it would have been recorded, as they usually kept copious records but few survive from the period.

Reunited With His Brothers

2011-12-23T10:45:00.000-08:00

Genesis 45:1-24

When Judah described his concern for his father, that not taking Benjamin back might kill him, and offered himself as a substitute, It was obvious that they were far less selfish than they had been. Before, they would probably have just left Benjamin behind with no concern for Jacob’s feelings. That the one who suggested selling Jacob would volunteer to take his formerly hated little brother’s place was huge. As John 15:13 says, “Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends.”

“Then Joseph could not refrain himself before all them that stood by him; and he cried, Cause every man to go out from me. And there stood no man with him, while Joseph made himself known unto his brethren. And he wept aloud: and the Egyptians and the house of Pharaoh heard.

And Joseph said unto his brethren, I am Joseph; doth my father yet live? And his brethren could not answer him; for they were troubled at his presence.” (Genesis 45:1-3)

Overcome with emotion, Joseph made his servants leave him alone with his brothers. It was much too intimate a moment to be shared with strangers, although the Egyptians could hear and knew what was going on.

Can you imagine his brother’s shock when Joseph told them who he was? For more than twenty years they had told everyone he was dead, hiding their involvement by making he had been killed by an animal. He had every right, and the authority to have them imprisoned or killed. They knew what they had done with far less provocation, and expected nothing less.

“And Joseph said unto his brethren, Come near to me, I pray you. And they came near. And he said, I am Joseph your brother, whom ye sold into Egypt. Now therefore be not grieved, nor angry with yourselves, that ye sold me hither: for God did send me before you to preserve life. For these two years hath the famine been in the land: and yet there are five years, in the which there shall neither be earing nor harvest. And God sent me before you to preserve you a posterity in the earth, and to save your lives by a great deliverance. So now it was not you that sent me hither, but God: and he hath made me a father to Pharaoh, and lord of all his house, and a ruler throughout all the land of Egypt.” (Genesis 45:4-8)

Though their intent had been evil, to get rid of their brother, it was still in God’s control. It was God who made Reuben stop them from killing Joseph, with the intent of rescuing him. It was God who had caused the Ishmeelite traders to come by and buy Joseph, so that Reuben couldn‘t save him. Recognizing this, Joseph had forgiven them, and now that it was out in the open, they no longer needed to dwell on how wicked their actions had been. For Joseph to have shown his forgiveness before they showed any evidence of repentance would have been pointless, even though he had recognized God’s working long before.

Even their own sin had worked out to their benefit, as Romans 8:28 states. “And we know that all things work together for good to them that love God, to them who are the called according to his purpose.” For more than twenty years they had concealed their sin and been constantly oppressed by the guilt. While God had blessed them in many ways during the period, guilt had kept them from enjoying it. With it out in the open, they could experience all God’s blessings, as Proverbs 28:13 promises. “He that covereth his sins shall not prosper: but whoso confesseth and forsaketh them shall have mercy.” God had used their sin to put Joseph in a position to save their lives and their families.

“Haste ye, and go up to my father, and say unto him, Thus saith thy son Joseph, God hath made me lord of all Egypt: come down unto me, tarry not: And thou shalt dwell in the land of Goshen, and thou shalt be near unto me, thou, and thy children, and thy children's children, and thy flocks, and thy herds, and all that thou hast: And there will I nourish thee; for yet there are five years of famine; lest thou, and thy household, and all that thou hast, come to poverty.

And, behold, your eyes see, and the eyes of my brother Benjamin, that it is my mouth that speaketh unto you. And ye shall tell my father of all my glory in Egypt, and of all that ye have seen; and ye shall haste and bring down my father hither.” (Genesis 45:9-12)

The famine would last five more years, and if they stayed in Canaan, they would constantly experience shortages, eventually losing everything they had. If they moved to Egypt they could experience an abundant life instead.

“And he fell upon his brother Benjamin's neck, and wept; and Benjamin wept upon his neck. Moreover he kissed all his brethren, and wept upon them: and after that his brethren talked with him.” (Genesis 45:14-15)

After twenty years, the reunion with his beloved little brother was especially sweet. Although the older brothers were undoubtedly more reserved, knowing they were forgiven made it sweet for them as well, while Joseph was finally able to openly show his love as he had wanted to since they came the first time. He would no longer have to hide their money in their sacks.

“And the fame thereof was heard in Pharaoh's house, saying, Joseph's brethren are come: and it pleased Pharaoh well, and his servants. And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, Say unto thy brethren, This do ye; lade your beasts, and go, get you unto the land of Canaan; And take your father and your households, and come unto me: and I will give you the good of the land of Egypt, and ye shall eat the fat of the land. Now thou art commanded, this do ye; take you wagons out of the land of Egypt for your little ones, and for your wives, and bring your father, and come. Also regard not your stuff; for the good of all the land of Egypt is yours.” (Genesis 45:16-20)

Pharaoh and the Egyptians were pleased that Joseph was reunited with his family, and instructed Joseph to provide wagons to haul their wives and children and come to Egypt as soon as possible. The Egyptians would give them furniture and housing when they arrived, so they would not need to bring such things with them.

“And the children of Israel did so: and Joseph gave them wagons, according to the commandment of Pharaoh, and gave them provision for the way. To all of them he gave each man changes of raiment; but to Benjamin he gave three hundred pieces of silver, and five changes of raiment. And to his father he sent after this manner; ten asses laden with the good things of Egypt, and ten she asses laden with corn and bread and meat for his father by the way. “ (Genesis 45:21-23)

The brothers quickly agreed to Pharaoh’s command, and were provided with wagons. Since there were no restaurants along the way it was necessary to have food that could be carried along, and it was prepared so they would not waste a lot of time preparing their meals. All that would be needed was to go pick up their families and start the livestock moving. With no need to find food or pack their belongings, they could be back in Egypt in a few days. Joseph also gave each one a new suit of clothes, but gave Benjamin a lot more.

“So he sent his brethren away, and they departed: and he said unto them, See that ye fall not out by the way.” (Genesis 45:24)

Though they were repentant of their actions toward him, Joseph was very aware of the family culture of jealousy and competition. He warned them not to get to fighting among themselves on the way and forget why they were going.

Testing The Waters

2011-12-22T10:02:00.000-08:00

Genesis 44:1-45:1

For seventeen years, Joseph had lived with the jealousy and favoritism of Jacobs family. Then he spent twenty two years isolated from them because of that jealousy. Before he dared renew his relationship with them, he wanted to know if their attitudes had changed so he could protect himself. He devised a plan to see if they were still as selfish as they had been.

“And he commanded the steward of his house, saying, Fill the men's sacks with food, as much as they can carry, and put every man's money in his sack's mouth. And put my cup, the silver cup, in the sack's mouth of the youngest, and his corn money. And he did according to the word that Joseph had spoken.

As soon as the morning was light, the men were sent away, they and their asses. And when they were gone out of the city, and not yet far off, Joseph said unto his steward, Up, follow after the men; and when thou dost overtake them, say unto them, Wherefore have ye rewarded evil for good? Is not this it in which my lord drinketh, and whereby indeed he divineth? ye have done evil in so doing. And he overtook them, and he spake unto them these same words.” (Genesis 44:1-6)

They had been really concerned about finding their money in their sacks the first time, when Joseph had just wanted them to have the food without taking their money. He decided to do the same thing again, but to imply they had discovered the missing money. In addition, his personal silver cup was to be included in Benjamin’s sack.

Joseph and Benjamin’s mother had been Jacob’s favorite wife and her two sons had been favored as a result. The other boys had planned to murder Joseph because of their jealousy, but when the opportunity presented, sold him as a slave instead. By observing how they reacted to the thought of getting rid of Benjamin, he could see whether they were still as jealous as they had been. Their attitude would affect how he revealed himself. His servant followed Joseph’s instructions.

“And they said unto him, Wherefore saith my lord these words? God forbid that thy servants should do according to this thing: Behold, the money, which we found in our sacks' mouths, we brought again unto thee out of the land of Canaan: how then should we steal out of thy lord's house silver or gold? With whomsoever of thy servants it be found, both let him die, and we also will be my lord's bondmen.

And he said, Now also let it be according unto your words: he with whom it is found shall be my servant; and ye shall be blameless.” (Genesis 44:7-10)

Sure of their innocence, the brothers reminded the servant of their honesty in bringing back the original money when they found it and offered to let him search their bags, promising that if it were found, the one who had it would remain behind as a servant.

“Then they speedily took down every man his sack to the ground, and opened every man his sack. And he searched, and began at the eldest, and left at the youngest: and the cup was found in Benjamin's sack. Then they rent their clothes, and laded every man his ass, and returned to the city. And Judah and his brethren came to Joseph's house; for he was yet there: and they fell before him on the ground.

And Joseph said unto them, What deed is this that ye have done? wot ye not that such a man as I can certainly divine? ” (Genesis 44:11-15)

When the cup was discovered in Benjamin’s sack, the brothers did not meekly hand him over and go their way, happy to be rid of their father’s favorite. Instead they went back to the city to try to save him. There had been a dramatic change.

“And Judah said, What shall we say unto my lord? what shall we speak? or how shall we clear ourselves? God hath found out the iniquity of thy servants: behold, we are my lord's servants, both we, and he also with whom the cup is found. And he said, God forbid that I should do so: but the man in whose hand the cup is found, he shall be my servant; and as for you, get you up in peace unto your father.” (Genesis 44:16-17)

With Judah as spokesman, they threw themselves on the mercy of Joseph, offering to all be his servants, hoping he’d be willing to forgive and forget since he had the cup and money back. When he refused, demanding that Benjamin be punished, Judah made a personal offer.

“Then Judah came near unto him, and said, Oh my lord, let thy servant, I pray thee, speak a word in my lord's ears, and let not thine anger burn against thy servant: for thou art even as Pharaoh. My lord asked his servants, saying, Have ye a father, or a brother? And we said unto my lord, We have a father, an old man, and a child of his old age, a little one; and his brother is dead, and he alone is left of his mother, and his father loveth him. And thou saidst unto thy servants, Bring him down unto me, that I may set mine eyes upon him. And we said unto my lord, The lad cannot leave his father: for if he should leave his father, his father would die.

And thou saidst unto thy servants, Except your youngest brother come down with you, ye shall see my face no more. And it came to pass when we came up unto thy servant my father, we told him the words of my lord. And our father said, Go again, and buy us a little food. And we said, We cannot go down: if our youngest brother be with us, then will we go down: for we may not see the man's face, except our youngest brother be with us.

And thy servant my father said unto us, Ye know that my wife bare me two sons: And the one went out from me, and I said, Surely he is torn in pieces; and I saw him not since: And if ye take this also from me, and mischief befall him, ye shall bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave. Now therefore when I come to thy servant my father, and the lad be not with us; seeing that his life is bound up in the lad's life; It shall come to pass, when he seeth that the lad is not with us, that he will die: and thy servants shall bring down the gray hairs of thy servant our father with sorrow to the grave. For thy servant became surety for the lad unto my father, saying, If I bring him not unto thee, then I shall bear the blame to my father for ever.

Now therefore, I pray thee, let thy servant abide instead of the lad a bondman to my lord; and let the lad go up with his brethren. For how shall I go up to my father, and the lad be not with me? lest peradventure I see the evil that shall come on my father.” (Genesis 44:18-34)

Judah had been the one who originally suggested selling Joseph as a slave. He had personally guaranteed to take care of Benjamin. Now he volunteered to take Benjamin’s place as a slave to keep from grieving his father any more. For more than twenty years he and his brothers had lived with the guilt for what they had done to Joseph and the sorrow it caused Jacob, even referring to it in verse 16. He was not willing to cause any more sorrow or live with any more guilt. It was a total reversal of attitude, and destroyed all Joseph‘s defenses.

“Then Joseph could not refrain himself before all them that stood by him;…” (Genesis 45:1)

A Cautious Approach

2011-12-21T09:09:00.000-08:00

Genesis 43:16-34

For almost a year, Joseph had waited for his half brothers to bring his full Benjamin to Egypt, keeping Simeon in custody to ensure they would. That they waited so long must have been troubling to both Joseph and Simeon, raising doubt as to their concern for individuals. Finally they came with Benjamin ad presented themselves.

“And when Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the ruler of his house, Bring these men home, and slay, and make ready; for these men shall dine with me at noon. And the man did as Joseph bade; and the man brought the men into Joseph's house.” (Genesis 43:16-17)

Almost unable to contain himself, but not wanting to expose his identity until he knew they no longer hated him, Joseph had them taken to his house to eat dinner with him.

“And the men were afraid, because they were brought into Joseph's house; and they said, Because of the money that was returned in our sacks at the first time are we brought in; that he may seek occasion against us, and fall upon us, and take us for bondmen, and our asses.” (Genesis 43:18)

Remembering the previous accusations of spying, and that the money had turned up in their sacks, the brothers were worried that the dinner was just an excuse for arresting them and making slaves of them. They began to discus ways to allay any suspicion, and decided to bring up the subject first.

“And they came near to the steward of Joseph's house, and they communed with him at the door of the house, And said, O sir, we came indeed down at the first time to buy food: And it came to pass, when we came to the inn, that we opened our sacks, and, behold, every man's money was in the mouth of his sack, our money in full weight: and we have brought it again in our hand. And other money have we brought down in our hands to buy food: we cannot tell who put our money in our sacks.

And he said, Peace be to you, fear not: your God, and the God of your father, hath given you treasure in your sacks: I had your money. And he brought Simeon out unto them. And the man brought the men into Joseph's house, and gave them water, and they washed their feet; and he gave their asses provender.” (Genesis 43:19-24)

When they described what had happened to Joseph’s manager, he told them not to worry about the money, that God had given it back to them. He treated them as guests rather than prisoners, freeing Simeon and providing the opportunity to make themselves presentable before dinner. He also fed their donkeys. When they learned they were to eat with Joseph, they brought out the present Jacob had sent, probably thanking Gd they had something to offer in appreciation.

“And they made ready the present against Joseph came at noon: for they heard that they should eat bread there. And when Joseph came home, they brought him the present which was in their hand into the house, and bowed themselves to him to the earth.

And he asked them of their welfare, and said, Is your father well, the old man of whom ye spake? Is he yet alive?” (Genesis 43:25-27)

When Joseph arrived home, they presented the present and bowed down to him, undoubtedly reminding him of the dream he’d had more than twenty years before, of his brothers bowing to him. He began to ask about their family, using the casual setting as and excuse. The brothers had no clue how vitally interested he was, suspicious of his motives yet constrained to respond to such a innocuous question.

“And they answered, Thy servant our father is in good health, he is yet alive. And they bowed down their heads, and made obeisance.

And he lifted up his eyes, and saw his brother Benjamin, his mother's son, and said, Is this your younger brother, of whom ye spake unto me? And he said, God be gracious unto thee, my son.” (Genesis 43:28-29)

Learning that his doting father was still alive caused a tremendous rush of emotion. When he was formally introduced to Benjamin, he was unable to contain himself any longer.

“And Joseph made haste; for his bowels did yearn upon his brother: and he sought where to weep; and he entered into his chamber, and wept there. And he washed his face, and went out, and refrained himself, and said, Set on bread. “ (Genesis 43:30-31)

Retreating to his room, trying to make it look like he was just getting ready for dinner, Joseph surrendered to his emotions. Finally composing himself, he washed up and returned to his role as host.

“And they set on for him by himself, and for them by themselves, and for the Egyptians, which did eat with him, by themselves: because the Egyptians might not eat bread with the Hebrews; for that is an abomination unto the Egyptians. And they sat before him, the firstborn according to his birthright, and the youngest according to his youth: and the men marvelled one at another.” (Genesis 42:32-33)

Egyptian society had a very strict class system, and while it was necessary to communicate between classes, social interaction was discouraged, much like the separation of officers and enlisted men in our military. The segregation was so strong that as a ruler, Joseph could not even eat with his servants. To avoid antagonizing the Egyptians, he couldn’t eat with that bunch of foreigners, and the Egyptians wouldn’t.

“And he took and sent messes unto them from before him: but Benjamin's mess was five times so much as any of theirs. And they drank, and were merry with him.” (Genesis 43:34)

Any class conscious society emphasizes the superiority of the “upper” class. One way of doing this was to have the food brought to the head table and then portions sent to the different individuals, as the head table deigned to feed them. Favor and disfavor could thus be demonstrated by what was served to each individual. Joseph couldn’t help himself, sending five times as much for Benjamin as for the others.

Many times people assume hesitation to renew a relationship indicates a lack of forgiveness. Joseph had forgiven his brothers, but he was not willing to foolishly expose himself to further hurt. He was just being cautious. It would be foolish not to be careful until sure of ones acceptance. Trust still has to be rebuilt.

Forced to return to Egypt

2011-12-20T06:30:00.000-08:00

Genesis 43:1-15

The famine was so severe that Jacob’s sons had to go to Egypt the first year, although they had been able to live through other dry spells. A donkey can only carry about a hundred fifty to a hundred eighty pound load for long periods, so the quantity of food they carried was relatively small, but with what they grew themselves they were able to get by for almost another year. God had warned Joseph that the famine would last seven years, and eventually they were forced to make another trip if they were to survive.

“And the famine was sore in the land. And it came to pass, when they had eaten up the corn which they had brought out of Egypt, their father said unto them, Go again, buy us a little food.

And Judah spake unto him, saying, The man did solemnly protest unto us, saying, Ye shall not see my face, except your brother be with you. If thou wilt send our brother with us, we will go down and buy thee food: But if thou wilt not send him, we will not go down: for the man said unto us, Ye shall not see my face, except your brother be with you.” (Genesis 43:1-5)

Jacob had delayed sending his sons back to Egypt bcause he feared another would be held and he was unwilling to risk losing Benjamin. Finally it got so desperate they couldn’t wait any longer. Having been accused of being spies and cast into prison, then having their brother imprisoned and told not to come back unless Benjamin was with them, Judah flatly refused to make the trip without him. If they were cast into prison, there would be no one to raise what crops they could and the rest would be even worse off.

“And Israel said, Wherefore dealt ye so ill with me, as to tell the man whether ye had yet a brother?

And they said, The man asked us straitly of our state, and of our kindred, saying, Is your father yet alive? have ye another brother? and we told him according to the tenor of these words: could we certainly know that he would say, Bring your brother down?” (Genesis 43:6-7)

Jacob had not been there when the Egyptians accused them of espionage, and blamed the boys for having given out too much information about their family. As they pointed out, they had only been trying to convince the man of their innocence, with no idea he would try to use it against them. It was unfair for Jacob to blame them when he didn‘t really know what had happened. Regardless of whose fault it was, the situation had to be dealt with and recriminations were pointless.

“And Judah said unto Israel his father, Send the lad with me, and we will arise and go; that we may live, and not die, both we, and thou, and also our little ones. I will be surety for him; of my hand shalt thou require him: if I bring him not unto thee, and set him before thee, then let me bear the blame for ever: For except we had lingered, surely now we had returned this second time.” (Genesis 43:8-10)

Almost a year before, Reuben had been willing to take responsibility for Benjamin, feeling guilty for not having saved Joseph. Judah had been the one who suggested selling Joseph, when Reuben wasn’t around. Though Jacob was even more protective of Benjamin than he was of Joseph, Judah offered to take the responsibility for him. As he stated, the only reason they hadn’t already gone was because Jacob refused to allow him to go.

“And their father Israel said unto them, If it must be so now, do this; take of the best fruits in the land in your vessels, and carry down the man a present, a little balm, and a little honey, spices, and myrrh, nuts, and almonds: And take double money in your hand; and the money that was brought again in the mouth of your sacks, carry it again in your hand; peradventure it was an oversight: Take also your brother, and arise, go again unto the man: And God Almighty give you mercy before the man, that he may send away your other brother, and Benjamin. If I be bereaved of my children, I am bereaved.” (Genesis 43:11-14)

Bowing to the inevitable, Jacob agreed to allow Benjamin to go, but insisted the boys should take a gift and return the money that had been in their sacks in an effort to defer any anger the Egyptians might hold. It is very similar to his effort to appease Esau. He was just praying that God would allow them not only to bring Benjamin back, but also Simeon. If his sons didn’t return, he would have lost everything worth having. He still had trouble believing God would keep his promise, despite all the years of blessing he had experienced. His attitude was a lot different than that of Abraham when called on to sacrifice Isaac. Frequently, I find myself more like Jacob than Abraham.

“And the men took that present, and they took double money in their hand, and Benjamin; and rose up, and went down to Egypt, and stood before Joseph.” (Genesis 43:15)

We can only imagine the trepidation the boys felt in returning to Egypt. What if their delay convinced the ruler that they really were spies and had them killed or just decided to lock up the rest of them on a whim? Not only their own lives, but those of their families were at stake, and they had no choice but to go.

Misinterpreting the Actions Of Others

2011-12-19T07:06:00.000-08:00

Genesis 42:25-38

“Then Joseph commanded to fill their sacks with corn, and to restore every man's money into his sack, and to give them provision for the way: and thus did he unto them. And they laded their asses with the corn, and departed thence.” (Genesis 42:25-26)

Knowing how deceitful and manipulative his brothers could be, Joseph dared not identify himself to them until he was sure of their repentance for their wrong doing. At the same time, he loved them as his brothers. Loving them he did not want toe charge them for their grain, but unsure how they would receive him, he had their money secretly placed in their bags. He included special food for them on the way.

Upset by the accusations of espionage and the retaining of Simeon as a hostage, the brothers wasted no time getting clear of the capital, fearing Joseph might change his mind.

“And as one of them opened his sack to give his ass provender in the inn, he espied his money; for, behold, it was in his sack's mouth. And he said unto his brethren, My money is restored; and, lo, it is even in my sack: and their heart failed them, and they were afraid, saying one to another, What is this that God hath done unto us?” (Genesis 42:27-28)

You can imagine the horror the brothers must have felt when they opened the first sack and found the money and extra food. It appeared to be a deliberate attempt to incriminate them by planting evidence. If anyone came after them, the money and special food would be impossible to explain. Joseph’s act of love was interpreted as something far different, because they knew what they would have done and ascribed the same intention to Joseph. The tendency to judge the actions of others by our own motivations causes a lot of confusion and conflict. Their sense of guilt amplified their consternation, knowing they deserved God’s judgment.

“And they came unto Jacob their father unto the land of Canaan, and told him all that befell unto them; saying, The man, who is the lord of the land, spake roughly to us, and took us for spies of the country. And we said unto him, We are true men; we are no spies: We be twelve brethren, sons of our father; one is not, and the youngest is this day with our father in the land of Canaan.

And the man, the lord of the country, said unto us, Hereby shall I know that ye are true men; leave one of your brethren here with me, and take food for the famine of your households, and be gone: And bring your youngest brother unto me: then shall I know that ye are no spies, but that ye are true men: so will I deliver you your brother, and ye shall traffic in the land.” (Genesis 42:29-34)

Knowing how Jacob had grieved believing Joseph was dead, and that it was their fault, all the brothers wanted to be sure their father knew they had done their best to prevent Simeon being held as prisoner. Sure enough Jacob was upset by it, and was not completely rational about what had happened, blaming them for having said anything about Benjamin at all. After all, if they hadn’t mentioned aBenjamin, the ruler couldn’t demand he be brought. Who knew what his intent might be. It could only have amplified their sense of guilt over having sold Joseph.

“And it came to pass as they emptied their sacks, that, behold, every man's bundle of money was in his sack: and when both they and their father saw the bundles of money, they were afraid.

And Jacob their father said unto them, Me have ye bereaved of my children: Joseph is not, and Simeon is not, and ye will take Benjamin away: all these things are against me.” (Genesis 42:35-36)

When they found the rest of the money, Jacob and his sons were even more convinced there had been a deliberate attempt to plant evidence to incriminate them. As the manipulator he was, Jacob immediately assumed the request to bring Benjamin was an attempt to wipe out his whole family. He slipped back into the same attitude of unbelief he‘d had before his encounter with God at Penuel, whining “all these things are against me.” It’s a very common response.

“And Reuben spake unto his father, saying, Slay my two sons, if I bring him not to thee: deliver him into my hand, and I will bring him to thee again.” (Genesis 42:37)

Reuben had tried to prevent Joseph being harmed, and his only guilt was in not telling his father what had happened. As so often happens, the least guilty was the one who stepped forward to take responsibility and correct things, because they have less to hide. In dealing with people, it is important to keep this tendency in mind if we are not to allow the guilty to avoid taking responsibility. Reuben offered to sacrifice his own children to demonstrate their innocence in the espionage charges and set Simeon free.

“And he said, My son shall not go down with you; for his brother is dead, and he is left alone: if mischief befall him by the way in the which ye go, then shall ye bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave.” (Genesis 42:38)

In his lack of faith, Jacob refused to allow Benjamin to go, even to set Simeon free. What if God allowed something to happen to Benjamin and the Egyptians didn’t set Simeon free? He’d be out one more son, and perhaps all that went. Had he just trusted God, he would have been reunited to Joseph a year sooner, and Simeon would have been released, but he didn’t. How often we delay or circumvent the blessings of God by our refusal to trust him.

A Dream Fulfilled

2011-12-16T10:11:00.000-08:00

Genesis 43:1-24

Droughts were not uncommon, although most were relatively short and localized. Widespread droughts were rare, but both Abraham and Isaac had been forced to go to the land of the Philistines to escape famines. Because of the Nile river and the extensive irrigation system they had built, the Egyptians were rarely affected by drought, and at one point Abraham had been forced to go into Egypt for food. This drought was wide spread, affecting the entire Middle East and Northern Africa. No part of Canaan had as dependable a source of water as the Nile, and after just a few months, Jacob and his family began to feel the effects.

“Now when Jacob saw that there was corn in Egypt, Jacob said unto his sons, Why do ye look one upon another? And he said, Behold, I have heard that there is corn in Egypt: get you down thither, and buy for us from thence; that we may live, and not die. And Joseph's ten brethren went down to buy corn in Egypt. But Benjamin, Joseph's brother, Jacob sent not with his brethren; for he said, Lest peradventure mischief befall him. And the sons of Israel came to buy corn among those that came: for the famine was in the land of Canaan.” (Genesis 42:1-5)

The word translated corn means kernel. It does not refer to what we know as corn but kernels of grain, whether wheat, rye, barley, millet or oats. What we know as corn was developed in the Americas, but unknown in the region until after the “discovery” of the new world.

Learning that grain was available in Egypt, Jacob decided to send his sons to Egypt to buy enough to tide them over until the next year in hopes the drought would end. He refused to send the youngest, Benjamin, believing that Joseph was dead. If something happened to Benjamin, he would have none of Rachael’s children left. Obviously, he was still playing favorites with his children.

“And Joseph was the governor over the land, and he it was that sold to all the people of the land: and Joseph's brethren came, and bowed down themselves before him with their faces to the earth.

And Joseph saw his brethren, and he knew them, but made himself strange unto them, and spake roughly unto them; and he said unto them, Whence come ye? And they said, From the land of Canaan to buy food. And Joseph knew his brethren, but they knew not him.” (Genesis 42:6-8)

Twenty one years before, Joseph’s brothers had plotted to kill him, then sold him to some Midianite and Ishmeelite traders instead. They had spent the intervening period pretending he was dead to prevent Jacob’s finding out what they had done. They never expected to see him again and he had been just a teenager when they sold him as a slave. They had no clue that the obviously important Egyptian official was Joseph, but he had not forgotten them or what they had done. Remembering the dreams he’d had as a boy, he set out to learn as much about the rest of the family as he could without giving himself away. For all he knew, they might still try to kill him.

“And Joseph remembered the dreams which he dreamed of them, and said unto them, Ye are spies; to see the nakedness of the land ye are come.

And they said unto him, Nay, my lord, but to buy food are thy servants come. We are all one man's sons; we are true men, thy servants are no spies.

And he said unto them, Nay, but to see the nakedness of the land ye are come.

And they said, Thy servants are twelve brethren, the sons of one man in the land of Canaan; and, behold, the youngest is this day with our father, and one is not.” (Genesis 42:9-13)

In his dreams they had all bowed to him and now they were doing exactly that. It was a partial fulfillment of the prophecy. Accusing them of being spies gave him an opportunity to interrogate them freely, and put the brothers on the defensive and reinforced his power over them. As a result, they gave information about their family in an effort to prove their innocence.

“And Joseph said unto them, That is it that I spake unto you, saying, Ye are spies: Hereby ye shall be proved: By the life of Pharaoh ye shall not go forth hence, except your youngest brother come hither. Send one of you, and let him fetch your brother, and ye shall be kept in prison, that your words may be proved, whether there be any truth in you: or else by the life of Pharaoh surely ye are spies. And he put them all together into ward three days.” (Genesis 42:14-17)

Benjamin was the only full brother Joseph had, all the others were half brothers. He had been very young when Joseph was sold, being at least ten years younger, and Joseph wanted to see him more than anything. As far as he knew, his father was probably dead. In an effort to see Benjamin he told them they’d be held as prisoners until whichever one they chose could go and bring Benjamin to prove they were telling the truth. They were held in prison for three days, possibly to give them a little taste of what Joseph had experienced.

“And Joseph said unto them the third day, This do, and live; for I fear God: If ye be true men, let one of your brethren be bound in the house of your prison: go ye, carry corn for the famine of your houses: But bring your youngest brother unto me; so shall your words be verified, and ye shall not die. And they did so.” (Genesis 42:18-20)

After three days of imprisonment, Joseph released them with warning not to come back without their youngest brother to prove their innocence or they’d be treated as spies.

“And they said one to another, We are verily guilty concerning our brother, in that we saw the anguish of his soul, when he besought us, and we would not hear; therefore is this distress come upon us. And Reuben answered them, saying, Spake I not unto you, saying, Do not sin against the child; and ye would not hear? therefore, behold, also his blood is required.

And they knew not that Joseph understood them; for he spake unto them by an interpreter. And he turned himself about from them, and wept; and returned to them again, and communed with them, and took from them Simeon, and bound him before their eyes.” (Genesis 43:21-24)

For twenty one years, the brothers had lived with the guilt of what they had done to their brother. They had never been able to put it completely out of their minds. Every time something bad happened they had to wonder if it was God punishing them for their sin and they instantly came to that conclusion again. Reuben reminded them how he had tried to keep them from killing Joseph. His statement seems to imply they had never told him the truth and shared the money with him and he had believed Joseph’s death was the result of his failure to stop them.

Since he had always used an interpreter, the brothers assumed he didn’t understand their language and spoke freely among themselves. Overcome with emotion at their sense of guilt, Joseph had to turn away to regain his composure and keep from telling them who he was. Instead of keeping all but one, he decided to just keep Simeon as a hostage and send the others home.

An Egyptian Social Program

2011-12-15T09:01:00.000-08:00

Genesis 41:44-57

Because Joseph had been able to interpret the dreams, and gave logical recommendations as to how to address the situation, Pharaoh appointed him to run the program, giving him the necessary authority, and making it apparent to everyone. Just as he’d managed Potiphar’s business and the prison, he was now to manage Egypt. He already had thirteen years of experience at managing businesses successfully.

“And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, I am Pharaoh, and without thee shall no man lift up his hand or foot in all the land of Egypt. And Pharaoh called Joseph's name Zaphnathpaaneah; and he gave him to wife Asenath the daughter of Potipherah priest of On. And Joseph went out over all the land of Egypt.” (Genesis 41:44-45)

Pharaoh gave Joseph absolute control of Egypt, answerable only to Pharaoh, and giving him both his freedom and his citizenship. He also had Joseph marry the daughter of one of the most powerful men in the country, the leader of the Egyptian religion. It gave him powerful connections to the Egyptian religion.

“And Joseph was thirty years old when he stood before Pharaoh king of Egypt. And Joseph went out from the presence of Pharaoh, and went throughout all the land of Egypt. And in the seven plenteous years the earth brought forth by handfuls. And he gathered up all the food of the seven years, which were in the land of Egypt, and laid up the food in the cities: the food of the field, which was round about every city, laid he up in the same. And Joseph gathered corn as the sand of the sea, very much, until he left numbering; for it was without number. “ (Genesis 41:46-49)

Anyone who has ever gardened of farmed very much has observed how much more productive and healthy plants are after a rain than when depending on being watered. Rain water has less dissolved minerals than ground water, but more nitrogen and oxygen, and appears to have a slight electronic charge making it more readily absorbed and beneficial to the plants. Under such conditions, crops may produce more than twice as normal. For seven years they received more than normal rainfall at the most opportune times, resulting in bumper crops.

Even in the midst of such abundance, and knowing what was coming, Joseph only collected twenty percent of the crops. This still left the people more than they would normally have so they could save up themselves and enlarge their fields as they chose.

It is interesting to note that under Joseph’s plan the maximum was twenty percent of about the same as is collected for unemployment and social security for each employee. He only collected it in the good years. We pay ours in bad years as well. In addition, we still pay income tax, property tax, sales tax, etc. With all the taxes and fees on shipping and materials, even those who pay no income or social security tax pay about thirty percent even though most of it is included in the price and isn’t called a tax. Is it any wonder that an economic downturn has a serious effect on people’s lifestyle?

“And unto Joseph were born two sons before the years of famine came, which Asenath the daughter of Potipherah priest of On bare unto him. And Joseph called the name of the firstborn Manasseh: For God, said he, hath made me forget all my toil, and all my father's house. And the name of the second called he Ephraim: For God hath caused me to be fruitful in the land of my affliction.” (Genesis 41:50-52)

The first seven years were a time of blessing for Joseph, although they were very busy. The birth of his two sons and his marriage took his mind off all the years of suffering, and his missing his family, because he had another one. Perhaps for the first time in his life, he didn’t have to deal with conflict, at least at home, although there was probably plenty at work.

“And the seven years of plenteousness, that was in the land of Egypt, were ended. And the seven years of dearth began to come, according as Joseph had said: and the dearth was in all lands; but in all the land of Egypt there was bread.” (Genesis 41:53-54)

The famine was wide spread, but thanks to the irrigation systems and the abundant years, Egypt still had food. For a while after the seven good years ended people were able to get by on what they had saved, but the crops in the following years were so poor they didn‘t even meet all their needs.

“And when all the land of Egypt was famished, the people cried to Pharaoh for bread: and Pharaoh said unto all the Egyptians, Go unto Joseph; what he saith to you, do. And the famine was over all the face of the earth: And Joseph opened all the storehouses, and sold unto the Egyptians; and the famine waxed sore in the land of Egypt. And all countries came into Egypt to Joseph for to buy corn; because that the famine was so sore in all lands.” (Genesis 41:55-57)

The first year or so, the Egyptians made a killing selling the crops to other countries, but before long the individual farmers depleted their suppliies and were forced to turn to the government for help. The government, represented by Joseph then began selling the grain they had stored back to the people. They were able to pay for it with the money they had made exporting their crops. In addition some of the grain was exported to other countries. The Egyptian government became increasingly rich and powerful.

In Egyptian history, this famine marks the break between the Old Kingdom, around 2040 BC. Several of the great pyramids were built prior to Abrahams day, and by Joseph’s day Egypt had been declining for almost a hundred years. Few records were kept during that period. Under Joseph’s administration, the Egyptian Government regained it’s prestige, and consolidated it’s power over the people, setting the stage for the Middle kingdom under Mentuhotep.

During the middle Kingdom, most of the pyramids were smaller then those of the old Kingdom, and gradually construction moved from stone to brick. Toward the end of the period, the quality of the bricks deteriorated badly.

During this period, Egyptian scholarship became quite advanced, and great literature was written. Rulers like Amenemhat I and Senwosret III expanded Egyptian borders and invaded other countries, making Egypt truly a world power. After about four hundred years later the middle kingdom was conquered by the Hyksos and held for almost a hundred years.

Free At Last

2011-12-14T07:33:00.000-08:00

Genesis 41:1-38

Joseph had been in Egypt eleven years, part of the time as a slave and part of it as a prisoner when he revealed the butler or taster’s dream and asked him to use his influence to get him out. Caught up in regaining his old life, the butler forgot his request.

“And it came to pass at the end of two full years, that Pharaoh dreamed: and, behold, he stood by the river. And, behold, there came up out of the river seven well favoured kine and fatfleshed; and they fed in a meadow. And, behold, seven other kine came up after them out of the river, ill favoured and leanfleshed; and stood by the other kine upon the brink of the river. And the ill favoured and leanfleshed kine did eat up the seven well favoured and fat kine. So Pharaoh awoke.” (Genesis 41:1-4)

Two full years after interpreting the butler’s dream, Joseph was still in prison. Unless a miracle happened, he’d probably never be released. Undoubtedly, he began to doubt the dreams he’d had of his brothers bowing to him, and his pride and arrogance had been shaken.

Pharaoh had a dream, and like the baker and butler, was sure it was important. Unfortunately he didn’t know what it meant, but he remembered it vividly. It was nightmare seeing sickly skinny cows eating up healthy fat cows, and woke him up. After a fretting about it for a while, he went back to sleep.

“And he slept and dreamed the second time: and, behold, seven ears of corn came up upon one stalk, rank and good. And, behold, seven thin ears and blasted with the east wind sprung up after them. And the seven thin ears devoured the seven rank and full ears. And Pharaoh awoke, and, behold, it was a dream.” (Genesis 41:5-7)

If he thought skinny cows eating fat ones was troubling, seeing unhealthy and deformed ears of corn eating other ears was even worse. It was so vivid and real it woke him up again, with all the details firmly planted in his mind.

“And it came to pass in the morning that his spirit was troubled; and he sent and called for all the magicians of Egypt, and all the wise men thereof: and Pharaoh told them his dream; but there was none that could interpret them unto Pharaoh.” (Genesis 41:8)

When morning finally came Pharaoh consulted with the magicians or shamans and educated men of Egypt about his dreams. While most modern psychics and fortunetellers would not hesitate to make something up, the Egyptian ones knew that they would be killed or imprisoned if their interpretation turned out to be false. They were afraid to guess.

“Then spake the chief butler unto Pharaoh, saying, I do remember my faults this day: Pharaoh was wroth with his servants, and put me in ward in the captain of the guard's house, both me and the chief baker: And we dreamed a dream in one night, I and he; we dreamed each man according to the interpretation of his dream. And there was there with us a young man, an Hebrew, servant to the captain of the guard; and we told him, and he interpreted to us our dreams; to each man according to his dream he did interpret. And it came to pass, as he interpreted to us, so it was; me he restored unto mine office, and him he hanged.” (Genesis 41:9-13)

As one of the ones entrusted with guarding Pharaoh, the butler was present and heard the magicians admit they didn’t know what the dream meant. Suddenly he remembered what had happened in prison and how accurately Joseph had interpreted his and the baker’s dreams. Surely it wouldn’t hurt to give Joseph a chance.

“Then Pharaoh sent and called Joseph, and they brought him hastily out of the dungeon: and he shaved himself, and changed his raiment, and came in unto Pharaoh. And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, I have dreamed a dream, and there is none that can interpret it: and I have heard say of thee, that thou canst understand a dream to interpret it.” (Genesis 41:14-15)

Desperate, Pharaoh called for Joseph and he was brought out. Before bringing him to Pharaoh, they gave him a chance to clean himself up and change into something other than his prison suit. It was probably the first chance to shave and new clothes he’d had since going to prison several years before. Pharaoh explained what he wanted and that he understood Joseph could interpret dreams.

“And Joseph answered Pharaoh, saying, It is not in me: God shall give Pharaoh an answer of peace.” (Genesis 41:16)

Joseph was very clear. He didn’t have the ability to interpret the dreams. It was God who would interpret the dream for Pharaoh. Joseph would just be the tool he used.

“And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, In my dream, behold, I stood upon the bank of the river: And, behold, there came up out of the river seven kine, fatfleshed and well favoured; and they fed in a meadow: Ge 41:19 And, behold, seven other kine came up after them, poor and very ill favoured and leanfleshed, such as I never saw in all the land of Egypt for badness: And the lean and the ill favoured kine did eat up the first seven fat kine: And when they had eaten them up, it could not be known that they had eaten them; but they were still ill favoured, as at the beginning. So I awoke.

And I saw in my dream, and, behold, seven ears came up in one stalk, full and good: And, behold, seven ears, withered, thin, and blasted with the east wind, sprung up after them: And the thin ears devoured the seven good ears: and I told this unto the magicians; but there was none that could declare it to me.” (Genesis 41:17-24)

Pharaoh then described the details of his dreams to Joseph, recounting how upsetting they had been, and how troubled he was that no one could give him a valid explanation of what they meant.

“And Joseph said unto Pharaoh, The dream of Pharaoh is one: God hath showed Pharaoh what he is about to do. The seven good kine are seven years; and the seven good ears are seven years: the dream is one. And the seven thin and ill favoured kine that came up after them are seven years; and the seven empty ears blasted with the east wind shall be seven years of famine.”

This is the thing which I have spoken unto Pharaoh: What God is about to do he showeth unto Pharaoh. Behold, there come seven years of great plenty throughout all the land of Egypt: And there shall arise after them seven years of famine; and all the plenty shall be forgotten in the land of Egypt; and the famine shall consume the land; And the plenty shall not be known in the land by reason of that famine following; for it shall be very grievous. And for that the dream was doubled unto Pharaoh twice; it is because the thing is established by God, and God will shortly bring it to pass.” (Genesis 41:25-32)

As Joseph explained the Pharaoh, the two dreams had the same meaning, that in both cases the seven healthy objects represented seven years of abundance, that would be followed by a seven year famine that would devastate the land, consuming everything that had been saved up before. God had given the dream so pharaoh and his people could make preparation to survive. That Pharaoh got the same message twice was a clear indication that there was no way to avoid the famine. Joseph then gave some suggestions as to how to prepare for the famine.

“Now therefore let Pharaoh look out a man discreet and wise, and set him over the land of Egypt. Let Pharaoh do this, and let him appoint officers over the land, and take up the fifth part of the land of Egypt in the seven plenteous years. And let them gather all the food of those good years that come, and lay up corn under the hand of Pharaoh, and let them keep food in the cities. And that food shall be for store to the land against the seven years of famine, which shall be in the land of Egypt; that the land perish not through the famine.” (Genesis 41:33-36)

There should be a surplus of grain during the seven good years. If they put twenty percent of it in storage each year, they would have at nearly enough to live for two years if they produced nothing. With their irrigations systems, they should be able to produce some food as well, and even half a normal would provide enough to survive by cutting back.

“And the thing was good in the eyes of Pharaoh, and in the eyes of all his servants. And Pharaoh said unto his servants, Can we find such a one as this is, a man in whom the Spirit of God is?” (Genesis 41:37-38)

The idea of stockpiling the food appealed to Pharaoh. Joseph had demonstrated a Godly spirit, far beyond any of the other counselors, and he couldn’t imagine any one better qualified to administer such a program.

“And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, Forasmuch as God hath showed thee all this, there is none so discreet and wise as thou art: Thou shalt be over my house, and according unto thy word shall all my people be ruled: only in the throne will I be greater than thou. And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, See, I have set thee over all the land of Egypt. And Pharaoh took off his ring from his hand, and put it upon Joseph's hand, and arrayed him in vestures of fine linen, and put a gold chain about his neck; And he made him to ride in the second chariot which he had; and they cried before him, Bow the knee: and he made him ruler over all the land of Egypt.” (Genesis 41:39-43)

Thirteen years after being brought Egypt, Joseph was a finally a free man. In fact he went from being a convict to being the prime minister in a single day. He was charged with seeing that enough food was stockpiled to see them through the coming famine. He was given almost unlimited authority to accomplish his mission. What a major change.

Interpreting Dreams

2011-12-13T09:59:00.000-08:00

Genesis 39:20-40:23

“And Joseph's master took him, and put him into the prison, a place where the king's prisoners were bound: and he was there in the prison. But the LORD was with Joseph, and showed him mercy, and gave him favour in the sight of the keeper of the prison. And the keeper of the prison committed to Joseph's hand all the prisoners that were in the prison; and whatsoever they did there, he was the doer of it. The keeper of the prison looked not to any thing that was under his hand; because the LORD was with him, and that which he did, the LORD made it to prosper.” (Genesis 39:20-23)

Joseph was accused of trying to rape his master’s wife. It is miraculous he was not summarily executed. Proverbs 6:32-35 warns, “But whoso committeth adultery with a woman lacketh understanding: he that doeth it destroyeth his own soul. A wound and dishonour shall he get; and his reproach shall not be wiped away. For jealousy is the rage of a man: therefore he will not spare in the day of vengeance. He will not regard any ransom; neither will he rest content, though thou givest many gifts.”

It sounds like a contradiction that the Lord was with Joseph, yet he went to prison for a crime he didn’t commit. That he wasn’t killed instead is one evidence of God’s blessing. Before long, the warden made him a trustee and made him manager of the prison. Like Potiphar, the warden was free to pursue other interests because he no longer had to focus on running the prison. There is an old saying, “The cream always rises to the top.” God’s blessing brought Joseph to a place of prominence and relative freedom, both as a slave and as a prisoner.

“And it came to pass after these things, that the butler of the king of Egypt and his baker had offended their lord the king of Egypt. And Pharaoh was wroth against two of his officers, against the chief of the butlers, and against the chief of the bakers. And he put them in ward in the house of the captain of the guard, into the prison, the place where Joseph was bound.” (Genesis 40:1-3)

Many people strive to obtain political appointments, failing to realize how unstable the positions are. A change in policy or an imprudent comment or action that in some way appears to reflect badly on the one making the appointment may result in dismissal, imprisonment, or in many countries, even execution. The Butler’s primary job was to protect the Pharaoh by tasting everything before he did. The baker was entrusted with preparing safe meals. Something the king’s baker and butler had done offended the king and he had them imprisoned for it.

“And the captain of the guard charged Joseph with them, and he served them: and they continued a season in ward.” (Genesis 40:4)

Because of their political connections, the warden wanted to insure that they were not mistreated, knowing how things can change. Isn’t amazing how little things have changed after 4,000 years? He especially charged Joseph with seeing to it they were well cared for. They spent a few weeks in the prison, and Joseph became well acquainted with them.

“And they dreamed a dream both of them, each man his dream in one night, each man according to the interpretation of his dream, the butler and the baker of the king of Egypt, which were bound in the prison. And Joseph came in unto them in the morning, and looked upon them, and, behold, they were sad. And he asked Pharaoh's officers that were with him in the ward of his lord's house, saying, Wherefore look ye so sadly to day?“ (Genesis 40:5-7)

Most dreams are believed to be the result of ones concerns during the day. The unconscious mind attempts to resolve them while undisturbed with other things. Excessive stress may result in a lack of restful sleep, and troubling dreams. Because one tends to let down his conscious guard, the mind is unusually accessible to spiritual suggestions, both by Godly and satanic spirits, though it is still able to discern and heed or ignore them. The attitudes one has developed still govern the spiritual suggestions we hear and thus some people are more likely to have spirit induced dreams, whether from God or demons.

Dreams are considered very important communications by many peole, and the baker and butler were no exception. They had no doubt their dreams were significant, and not knowing what they meant was troubling. Being familiar with them, Joseph recognized that they re more depressed than usual the morning after they had their dreams. Having established a friendship, he asked what was wrong that had so upset them.

“And they said unto him, We have dreamed a dream, and there is no interpreter of it.
And Joseph said unto them, Do not interpretations belong to God? tell me them, I pray you.” (Genesis 40:8)

There are a lot of people who claim to have the ability to interpret dreams, sometimes writing books describing how certain features mean certain things. Unfortunately they are often like a person who speaks a few words of another language and has to try to guess exactly what was really said based on the few words that were understood. They may completely misunderstand what is meant. Only God is capable of interpreting every dream, and Joseph recognized this.

“And the chief butler told his dream to Joseph, and said to him, In my dream, behold, a vine was before me; And in the vine were three branches: and it was as though it budded, and her blossoms shot forth; and the clusters thereof brought forth ripe grapes: And Pharaoh's cup was in my hand: and I took the grapes, and pressed them into Pharaoh's cup, and I gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand.

And Joseph said unto him, This is the interpretation of it: The three branches are three days: Yet within three days shall Pharaoh lift up thine head, and restore thee unto thy place: and thou shalt deliver Pharaoh's cup into his hand, after the former manner when thou wast his butler. But think on me when it shall be well with thee, and show kindness, I pray thee, unto me, and make mention of me unto Pharaoh, and bring me out of this house: For indeed I was stolen away out of the land of the Hebrews: and here also have I done nothing that they should put me into the dungeon.” (Genesis 40:9-15)

God revealed the meaning of the dream to Joseph, that the butler would be restored to his former position within three days. Joseph then asked the butler to use his connections to intervene on his behalf when he got his job back, describing what had happened to him.

“When the chief baker saw that the interpretation was good, he said unto Joseph, I also was in my dream, and, behold, I had three white baskets on my head: And in the uppermost basket there was of all manner of bakemeats for Pharaoh; and the birds did eat them out of the basket upon my head.

And Joseph answered and said, This is the interpretation thereof: The three baskets are three days: Yet within three days shall Pharaoh lift up thy head from off thee, and shall hang thee on a tree; and the birds shall eat thy flesh from off thee.” (Genesis 40:16-19)

Emboldened by the interpretation of the butler’s dream, the chief baker described his as well. Unfortunately, the interpretation of it was that the baker would be hanged about the same time the butler got his job back. He probably wished he hadn’t asked.

“And it came to pass the third day, which was Pharaoh's birthday, that he made a feast unto all his servants: and he lifted up the head of the chief butler and of the chief baker among his servants. And he restored the chief butler unto his butlership again; and he gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand: But he hanged the chief baker: as Joseph had interpreted to them. Yet did not the chief butler remember Joseph, but forgat him.” (Genesis 40:20-23)

The test of a prophet, or prophecy is whether it comes to pass. Most frauds try to be unspecific enough that they can not be pinned down. Joseph’s interpretation was very specific, both as to the event, and the timing, as well as which would live and which would die.. Both were fulfilled, making it clear they were from God.

Eager to put his memories of prison behind him, the butler promptly forgot about Joseph’s request. It was probably pretty discouraging and humbling to Joseph to realize that no one was concerned about his plight, since he’d always had whatever he wanted.

Unfairly Imprisoned

2011-12-09T09:43:00.000-08:00

Genesis 39:1-20

“And Joseph was brought down to Egypt; and Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh, captain of the guard, an Egyptian, bought him of the hands of the Ishmeelites, which had brought him down thither.” (Genesis 39:1)

Several days after his brothers sold him as a slave, Joseph arrived in Egypt, where a powerful official saw him. Just seventeen, and in good health, he should be able to work for many years, and was young enough that he could be trained easily. If handled and trained properly he would be a great investment, so Potiphar bought him.

“And the LORD was with Joseph, and he was a prosperous man; and he was in the house of his master the Egyptian. And his master saw that the LORD was with him, and that the LORD made all that he did to prosper in his hand. And Joseph found grace in his sight, and he served him: and he made him overseer over his house, and all that he had he put into his hand.” (Genesis 39:2-4)

Down through the years, as I worked, people wanted to know how I learned to do some of the things I did. It was not that I was smarter, but that God blessed me by making things work, and numerous other Christian employees have described the same experience, so Joseph’s experience of prosperity in his work is rather typical for those who serve God. It wasn’t long until he was promoted to manager of Potiphar’s business.

“And it came to pass from the time that he had made him overseer in his house, and over all that he had, that the LORD blessed the Egyptian's house for Joseph's sake; and the blessing of the LORD was upon all that he had in the house, and in the field. And he left all that he had in Joseph's hand; and he knew not ought he had, save the bread which he did eat.” (Genesis 39:5-6a)

Promoting Joseph resulted in Potiphar’s business doing better than it ever had, freeing him to concentrate on his political career. He no longer had to spend time at home taking care of family business. This probably resulted in a growing neglect of his wife and family.

“And Joseph was a goodly person, and well favored. And it came to pass after these things, that his master's wife cast her eyes upon Joseph; and she said, Lie with me.” (Genesis 39:6b-7)

As her husband began neglecting her in advancing his political career, Potiphar’s wife began to crave attention. Joseph was young and good looking and smart, and equally important, he was there. It wasn’t long before she began to want joseph to fulfill her natural cravings. I Corinthians 7:1-5 warns of the danger of neglecting our marriage. She propositioned Joseph.

“But he refused, and said unto his master's wife, Behold, my master wotteth not what is with me in the house, and he hath committed all that he hath to my hand; There is none greater in this house than I; neither hath he kept back any thing from me but thee, because thou art his wife: how then can I do this great wickedness, and sin against God? And it came to pass, as she spake to Joseph day by day, that he hearkened not unto her, to lie by her, or to be with her.” (Genesis 39:8-10)

It became a challenge to get Joseph into and affair, and before long Joseph began to see it as sexual harassment. He began to avoiding her as much as possible. This further inflamed her infatuation. As a slave, he did not have the option of finding a different job, and he had no good options to deal with the situation, as talking to her husband might well cause him to become jealous.

“And it came to pass about this time, that Joseph went into the house to do his business; and there was none of the men of the house there within. And she caught him by his garment, saying, Lie with me: and he left his garment in her hand, and fled, and got him out. And it came to pass, when she saw that he had left his garment in her hand, and was fled forth, That she called unto the men of her house, and spake unto them, saying, See, he hath brought in an Hebrew unto us to mock us; he came in unto me to lie with me, and I cried with a loud voice: And it came to pass, when he heard that I lifted up my voice and cried, that he left his garment with me, and fled, and got him out.” (Genesis 39:11-15)

One day, his duties caused him to be in her home when no one was around and she took advantage of the situation, attempting to force him to comply with her desire. He finally slipped out of his coat to get away. Being rejected made her really angry and as the old saying goes, “Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned.” To punish mim, she accused him of trying to rape her, first calling in the other employees.

“And she laid up his garment by her, until his lord came home. And she spake unto him according to these words, saying, The Hebrew servant, which thou hast brought unto us, came in unto me to mock me: And it came to pass, as I lifted up my voice and cried, that he left his garment with me, and fled out. And it came to pass, when his master heard the words of his wife, which she spake unto him, saying, After this manner did thy servant to me; that his wrath was kindled.” (Genesis 39:16-19)

When Potiphar came home and she made her charges, his jealousy was immediately kindled, and she played on racial differences about the Hebrew servant to further inflame him. That the other servants said she’d told them the same thing made it more believable, and it was clearly Joseph’s coat, so he was assumed guilty.

“And Joseph's master took him, and put him into the prison, a place where the king's prisoners were bound: and he was there in the prison.” (Genesis 39:20)

A Flawed Moral Standard

2011-12-08T10:27:00.000-08:00

Genesis 38:12-30

“And in process of time the daughter of Shuah Judah's wife died; and Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheepshearers to Timnath, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.” (Genesis 38:12)

After recovering from his grief over his wife’s death, Judah went out to help shear his sheep, taking his friend Hirah with him. Even today with power clippers and nice facilities it may take eight to ten minutes just to shear each sheep. It also requires extra help to catch and hold them so a large herd takes a lot of time and leaves everyone exhausted. It is usually a time of camaraderie similar to that of a group of guys on a hunting trip.

“And it was told Tamar, saying, Behold thy father in law goeth up to Timnath to shear his sheep. And she put her widow's garments off from her, and covered her with a veil, and wrapped herself, and sat in an open place, which is by the way to Timnath; for she saw that Shelah was grown, and she was not given unto him to wife.” (Genesis 38:13-14)

It had been several years since Judah had promised that Shelah would marry Tamar in accordance with Deuteronomy 22:5-6. She had not messed around with other guys, but Shelah was a grown man and no indication of keeping the promise had been given. She took matters into her own hand, knowing where Judah was going to shear sheep. Because prostitutes and promiscuous women are usually shunned by other women, who see them as a threat to their happiness, they usually conceal their real identity, especially since prostitutes were often killed by their families, just as it is among many groups today. Tamar dressed up and covered herself with a veil so she wouldn’t be recognized and parked herself in place where people passing by would be sure to notice her, like the prostitutes did.

“When Judah saw her, he thought her to be an harlot; because she had covered her face. And he turned unto her by the way, and said, Go to, I pray thee, let me come in unto thee; (for he knew not that she was his daughter in law.) And she said, What wilt thou give me, that thou mayest come in unto me?” (Genesis 38:15-16)

Dressed like other harlots and in a public place where she’d draw attention, it is no surprise Judah assumed she was a prostitute. Our dress and actions convey an impression of who and what we are. It may be different than we intended, and the impression varies somewhat with the culture one is in. A woman dressed as Tamar was would not be assumed to be a prostitute in modern America, because our styles and culture are different.

“And he said, I will send thee a kid from the flock. And she said, Wilt thou give me a pledge, till thou send it? And he said, What pledge shall I give thee? And she said, Thy signet, and thy bracelets, and thy staff that is in thine hand. And he gave it her, and came in unto her, and she conceived by him.” (Genesis 38:17-18)

It had been a while since Judah had indulged in sex and he yielded to the temptation, approaching Tamar. His moral standard had deteriorated to the point where he was willing to seek out a prostitute to satisfy his physical cravings. Since it had been several years since he had seen her or given her any thought, he didn’t recognize Tamar, covered up as she was, and offered a young goat for sex. She agreed, but demanded collateral to be sure of getting paid. As collateral, she accepted his ring and bracelets, and his shepherd’s staff. They were far more valuable than a young goat. He agreed she could hold them until the goat was delivered. In the dark he still didn’t recognize her, and got her pregnant.

“And she arose, and went away, and laid by her veil from her, and put on the garments of her widowhood.” (Genesis 38:19)

The next morning, Tamar returned home and resumed living as she had before as a widow, as if nothing had happened.

“And Judah sent the kid by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive his pledge from the woman's hand: but he found her not. Then he asked the men of that place, saying, Where is the harlot, that was openly by the way side? And they said, There was no harlot in this place. And he returned to Judah, and said, I cannot find her; and also the men of the place said, that there was no harlot in this place. And Judah said, Let her take it to her, lest we be shamed: behold, I sent this kid, and thou hast not found her. ” (Genesis 38:20-23)

Judah sent his friend Hirah to deliver the goat and get his stuff back hide his own identity. It would be a shameful thing to be found out. None of the local men knew her and finally he was forced to report that he’d failed in his mission. Judah gave up on getting his stuff back, deciding it was better to lose it than to make his shame public. After all she was unlikely to reveal it since she had taken his stuff.

“And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told Judah, saying, Tamar thy daughter in law hath played the harlot; and also, behold, she is with child by whoredom. And Judah said, Bring her forth, and let her be burnt.” (Genesis 38:24)

Societies tend to set a double standard, condemning a woman for promiscuous behavior while condoning it in a man. God’s standard is that both are guilty and in Deuteronomy 22, he commanded that both should be executed. After all, a woman cannot commit adultery without a man doing it too. As is so often the case, Judah demanded she be punished, while excusing his own sin, not realizing it had been with her.

“When she was brought forth, she sent to her father in law, saying, By the man, whose these are, am I with child: and she said, Discern, I pray thee, whose are these, the signet, and bracelets, and staff. And Judah acknowledged them, and said, She hath been more righteous than I; because that I gave her not to Shelah my son. And he knew her again no more.” (Genesis 38:25-26)

It must have come as quite a shock to be identified as her partner in adultery, but there was no question whose the things were. Judah had to acknowledge his own guilt, both in the sex act in in his failure to keep his promise to give his younger son to be her husband, while she had done as he demanded. The responsibility was more his than hers.

“And it came to pass in the time of her travail, that, behold, twins were in her womb. And it came to pass, when she travailed, that the one put out his hand: and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying, This came out first. And it came to pass, as he drew back his hand, that, behold, his brother came out: and she said, How hast thou broken forth? this breach be upon thee: therefore his name was called Pharez. And afterward came out his brother, that had the scarlet thread upon his hand: and his name was called Zarah.” (Genesis 38:27-30)

Jacob’s attitude about cheating have been learned by his sons, and the cheating was not limited to business. Reuben had an affair with his father’s wife Bilhah, and Judah had chosen to hire a prostitute. While we can’t control the temperament of our children, we can have a lot of influence on the attitude they develop. Genesis provides the best examples of how our actions affect our families of any of the scriptures, and I Corinthians 10:11 says, “Now all these things happened unto them for ensamples: and they are written for our admonition, upon whom the ends of the world are come.”

The failure to study and learn from these examples is probably the biggest cause of the moral breakdown in the modern church.

Passing On The Family Culture

2011-12-07T10:09:00.000-08:00

Genesis 38:1-11

“And it came to pass at that time, that Judah went down from his brethren, and turned in to a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah. And Judah saw there a daughter of a certain Canaanite, whose name was Shuah; and he took her, and went in unto her.

And she conceived, and bare a son; and he called his name Er. And she conceived again, and bare a son; and she called his name Onan. And she yet again conceived, and bare a son; and called his name Shelah: and he was at Chezib, when she bare him. And Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn, whose name was Tamar.” (Genesis 38:1-6)

After Jacob’s return from Padanaram and separation from Esau, other than their family, there was no one else around to associate with except the local people. Judah became friends with an dolomite named Hirah and went to visit him. While he was there he saw an attractive Canaanite girl and took her home to be his wife. Before long they had three sons.

II Corinthians 6:14 commands, “Be ye not unequally yoked together with unbelievers: for what fellowship hath righteousness with unrighteousness? and what communion hath light with darkness?” Abraham had flatly refused to allow Isaac to marry a Canaanite girl, and Isaac had been upset when Esau married one, because of the danger of them causing their sons to turn away from God. Jacob doesn’t seem to have been troubled by Judah’s marriage at all.

“And Er, Judah's firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the LORD; and the LORD slew him. And Judah said unto Onan, Go in unto thy brother's wife, and marry her, and raise up seed to thy brother. And Onan knew that the seed should not be his; and it came to pass, when he went in unto his brother's wife, that he spilled it on the ground, lest that he should give seed to his brother. And the thing which he did displeased the LORD: wherefore he slew him also.” (Genesis 38:7-10)

We don’t know what kind of things Er did, but we know he was consciously and deliberately doing wrong, but he clearly had no respect for or fear of God. If he was like most who are deliberately evil, he gloated over getting by with it and thought it proved he was smarter than his brothers and cousins. While God gives numerous chances to repent, as he said in Genesis 6:3, “… My spirit shall not always strive with man,…” Er continued to the point God killed him because of his wickedness.

Deuteronomy 25:5-6 commands, “If brethren dwell together, and one of them die, and have no child, the wife of the dead shall not marry without unto a stranger: her husband's brother shall go in unto her, and take her to him to wife, and perform the duty of an husband's brother unto her. And it shall be, that the firstborn which she beareth shall succeed in the name of his brother which is dead, that his name be not put out of Israel.” Judah directed Onan to fulfill this command after Er died.

Onan was willing to have sex with her but didn’t want to have a child by her, especially since it would be counted as his brother’s, so he withdrew just before ejaculation. This angered the Lord to the point of killing him as well, raising a lot of questions about modern birth control policies and procedures. Prior to the Rowe V Wade decision, it was generally accepted that if a girl got pregnant the guy who was responsible should marry her, and most birth control was developed to prevent such pregnancies. If she didn’t get pregnant, he had no further responsibility. This was directly contrary to Exodus 22:16, “And if a man entice a maid that is not betrothed, and lie with her, he shall surely endow her to be his wife.”

Under that old tradition, ensuring one would not have to marry required planning in advance. Rowe V Wade enabled one to eliminate the pregnancy after the fact, thus avoiding responsibility for marriage. Abortionists are not pro-choice, they are anti-responsibility. The choice is made when they indulge in the sex act, whether pregnancy results or not. That abortion is also murder compounds the sin. Recent child support laws attempt to force people to accept some of their responsibility.

Romans 14:23 states, “…for whatsoever is not of faith is sin.” Any form of birth control to avoid unwanted pregnancy is to some degree a refusal to trust God. To that degree it is sin. The same can be said of many of the methods used by fertility clinics. While most Christians are offended by sex change operations, believing it implies that God has no right to decide a person‘s sex, and many oppose abortion, few question birth control or fertility treatments. Much of the fertility clinic’s efforts are doing the same thing, denying God‘s right to decide whether we have children or not. Were the septuplets a blessing from God or a demonstration of rebellion, either by the doctors, or the parents?

“Then said Judah to Tamar his daughter in law, Remain a widow at thy father's house, till Shelah my son be grown: for he said, Lest peradventure he die also, as his brethren did. And Tamar went and dwelt in her father's house.” (Genesis 38:11)

After Onan’s death, Tamar was still childless. Judah instructed her to wait for his youngest son to grow up. Knowing that God had killed both of the older ones for doing wrong, he feared Shelah might be like his brothers. After all, he had had basically the same training. Tamar complied with his wishes, going back to live with her parents.

Sold Into Slavery

2011-12-06T09:15:00.000-08:00

Genesis 37:12-36

“And his brethren went to feed their father's flock in Shechem. And Israel said unto Joseph, Do not thy brethren feed the flock in Shechem? come, and I will send thee unto them. And he said to him, Here am I. And he said to him, Go, I pray thee, see whether it be well with thy brethren, and well with the flocks; and bring me word again. So he sent him out of the vale of Hebron, and he came to Shechem.

And a certain man found him, and, behold, he was wandering in the field: and the man asked him, saying, What seekest thou? And he said, I seek my brethren: tell me, I pray thee, where they feed their flocks. And the man said, They are departed hence; for I heard them say, Let us go to Dothan. And Joseph went after his brethren, and found them in Dothan.” (Genesis 37:12-17)

Still playing favorites, Jacob kept Joseph at home while sending his brothers out to herd sheep, further deepening their resentment. After a period of time, Jacob sent Joseph out to check on them. It had been long enough they had had to relocate the herd, and they were not where Joseph expected to find them. Finally he met a man who knew where they had gone and went to Dothan.

“And when they saw him afar off, even before he came near unto them, they conspired against him to slay him. And they said one to another, Behold, this dreamer cometh. Come now therefore, and let us slay him, and cast him into some pit, and we will say, Some evil beast hath devoured him: and we shall see what will become of his dreams.” (Genesis 37:18-20)

Having already been in trouble because of his tattling, the older boys knew he would be looking for something to tattle about. It stirred up their anger and hatred even more, capping a life time of family conflicts and favoritism. Colossians 3:21 warns, “Fathers, provoke not your children to anger, lest they be discouraged.” Jacob’s were despaired of receiving fair treatment and love as long a s Joseph was alive. Since Simeon and Levi had murdered the men of Shechem and all of them had spoiled the city, the idea of murder didn’t seem like as much of a big deal since they had gotten by with it before. Once again we see how the family culture influenced the attitudes of the children.

Ephesians 6:4 tells us how to avoid this type of attitude among our children. “And, ye fathers, provoke not your children to wrath: but bring them up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord.” Jacob had neglected to teach his family about the Lord, as was obvious from Rachael’s stealing Laban’s idols and his lack of worship while in Padanaram. His favoritism and selfishness accentuated the problems, leading to the intent to kill Joseph. As the beneficiary of Jacob’s actions, Joseph had become quite proud and overbearing.

“And Reuben heard it, and he delivered him out of their hands; and said, Let us not kill him. And Reuben said unto them, Shed no blood, but cast him into this pit that is in the wilderness, and lay no hand upon him; that he might rid him out of their hands, to deliver him to his father again.” (Genesis 37:21-22)

Reuben knew that it was wrong to murder their brother, and that as the eldest it was his responsibility to try to prevent it. Years of being caught in the fighting had led to his becoming hesitant to speak up or take action. Others like Simeon and Levi had become quite aggressive, and even belligerent and he was afraid of angering them. He suggested that if they left Joseph in a pit where he couldn’t escape, he would still die, but they wouldn’t have killed him and wouldn’t have to lie. His goal was to free Joseph when the others weren’t around and let them think Joseph had escaped by himself.

“And it came to pass, when Joseph was come unto his brethren, that they stripped Joseph out of his coat, his coat of many colours that was on him; And they took him, and cast him into a pit: and the pit was empty, there was no water in it. And they sat down to eat bread: and they lifted up their eyes and looked, and, behold, a company of Ishmeelites came from Gilead with their camels bearing spicery and balm and myrrh, going to carry it down to Egypt.” (Genesis 37:23-25)

When Joseph finally came up to them his brothers acted on Reuben’s suggestion, stripping off the coat that symbolized his father’s favoritism. Hoping for an opportunity to free Joseph later, Reuben volunteered to watch the flocks while the rest of them ate lunch. While they were eating they spied a caravan of Ishmeelites in the distance, carrying spices, incense and medical supplies to Egypt to trade.

“And Judah said unto his brethren, What profit is it if we slay our brother, and conceal his blood? Come, and let us sell him to the Ishmeelites, and let not our hand be upon him; for he is our brother and our flesh. And his brethren were content. Then there passed by Midianites merchantmen; and they drew and lifted up Joseph out of the pit, and sold Joseph to the Ishmeelites for twenty pieces of silver: and they brought Joseph into Egypt.” (Genesis 37:26-28)

Judah had thoroughly imbibed Laban and Jacob’s efforts to get rich. When he saw the Ishmaelites he saw and opportunity to kill two birds with one stone. It they sold Joseph they could make some money, and get rid of him at the same time. The other brothers were agreeable so they sold Joseph as a slave for two pieces of silver each, or between sixty and a hundred dollars each. They wouldn’t carry guilt for having killed Joseph, and they had a had the money besides.

“And Reuben returned unto the pit; and, behold, Joseph was not in the pit; and he rent his clothes. And he returned unto his brethren, and said, The child is not; and I, whither shall I go?” (Genesis 37:29-30)

When the brothers went out to herd the flocks, Reuben used the excuse of getting his lunch to rush to the pit and free Joseph, not knowing the others had sold him. He was panic stricken when he found Joseph gone, suspecting they may have killed him in his absence. As the oldest, he was sure the blame would fall on him. I wonder if they ever told him what happened and gave him his two pieces of silver?

“And they took Joseph's coat, and killed a kid of the goats, and dipped the coat in the blood; And they sent the coat of many colours, and they brought it to their father; and said, This have we found: know now whether it be thy son's coat or no. And he knew it, and said, It is my son's coat; an evil beast hath devoured him; Joseph is without doubt rent in pieces.” (Genesis 37:31-33)

Taking the hated coat that symbolized their father’s favoritism, the brothers smeared it with blood to make it appear that Joseph had been killed and took it back to Jacob to ask if it was Joseph’s. Identifying the coat, Jacob was convinced some evil wild animal had killed his son, carrying away and eating the body.

“And Jacob rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon his loins, and mourned for his son many days. And all his sons and all his daughters rose up to comfort him; but he refused to be comforted; and he said, For I will go down into the grave unto my son mourning. Thus his father wept for him.” (Genesis 37:34-35)

Jacob was broken hearted at losing his son, especially so soon after losing his mother. Hypocritically, the boys sought to comfort him, never letting on what had really happened. Jacob would suffer, believing Joseph dead for twenty years, never knowing that his suffering was the result of the examples he had set for his children.

“And the Midianites sold him into Egypt unto Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh's, and captain of the guard.” (Genesis 37:36)

In Egypt, Joseph was sold to the Captain of Pharaohs guard. At seventeen, he must have looked like a very good investment, old enough to work hard but young enough to learn easily, and with a lot of years of labor to be expected.

Just as Joseph was sold into slavery, we are “sold under sin”, as natural men, according to Romans 7:14. Just as Joseph became a slave by the actions of his brothers, we became sinners by the actions of Adam. Romans 5:19 tells us, “…by one man's disobedience many were made sinners,…” By disobeying God, Adam sold us all into slavery to sin. Fortunately, God has provided a way out. The last part of Romans 5:19 declares, “… by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous.”

Stirring Up Conflict

2011-12-05T09:31:00.000-08:00

Genesis 37:2-11

Isaac had favored Esau while Rebekah had favored Jacob, creating a jealousy between the boys. Then Jacob was tricked into marrying Leah when he loved Rachael, when he married Rachael as well, jealousy and conflict became a way of life. Rachael’s death in giving birth to Benjamin probably accentuated the favoritism. The story takes place ten or eleven years after Jacob’s return from Padanaram.

“These are the generations of Jacob. Joseph, being seventeen years old, was feeding the flock with his brethren; and the lad was with the sons of Bilhah, and with the sons of Zilpah, his father's wives: and Joseph brought unto his father their evil report.” (Genesis 37:2

Jacob had not formally married Bilhah or Zilpah, yet the scripture recognizes them as his wives. Leah’s four sons were not with the others herding the flocks, but Jacob was. Apparently they were not behaving as they should, and Jacob told on them. Having been raised surrounded by jealousy and conflict, the older boys were angered by Jacob’s tattling.

“Now Israel loved Joseph more than all his children, because he was the son of his old age: and he made him a coat of many colours. And when his brethren saw that their father loved him more than all his brethren, they hated him, and could not speak peaceably unto him.” (Genesis 37:3-4)

Joseph was the oldest son of his favorite wife, but younger than all the kids but Benjamin and Dinah. In his old age, Jacob doted on Joseph, giving him expensive gifts and aggravating the jealousy of the other boys. He could have hardly done anything more likely to stir up resentment between his children and their hatred reached a point where the boys wouldn’t speak to Joseph.

“And Joseph dreamed a dream, and he told it his brethren: and they hated him yet the more. And he said unto them, Hear, I pray you, this dream which I have dreamed: For, behold, we were binding sheaves in the field, and, lo, my sheaf arose, and also stood upright; and, behold, your sheaves stood round about, and made obeisance to my sheaf.” (Genesis 37:5-7)

God sent Joseph a dream about future events, that one day the other boys would look up to him, probably to comfort Joseph in his isolation. Joseph couldn’t wait to rub it in that some day his brothers would be bowing to him.

“And his brethren said to him, Shalt thou indeed reign over us? or shalt thou indeed have dominion over us? And they hated him yet the more for his dreams, and for his words.” (Genesis 37:8)

His snotty attitude and superior airs further inflamed his brother’s anger. Their hatred grew stronger as a result. Joseph just wouldn’t quit.

“And he dreamed yet another dream, and told it his brethren, and said, Behold, I have dreamed a dream more; and, behold, the sun and the moon and the eleven stars made obeisance to me.

And he told it to his father, and to his brethren: and his father rebuked him, and said unto him, What is this dream that thou hast dreamed? Shall I and thy mother and thy brethren indeed come to bow down ourselves to thee to the earth?” (Genesis 37:9-10)

Even his father was troubled by Joseph’s claims that one day the entire family would be bowing down to him. Though the jealousy was largely the result of his own favoritism, even Jacob realized how offensive Joseph’s attitude was and rebuked him. It was probably the first time he’d realized just how spoiled Joseph had become.

“And his brethren envied him; but his father observed the saying.” (Genesis 37:11)

Though he’d been offended by Joseph’s flaunting of his dream, Jacob took it seriously, believing it came from God. That he didn’t remonstrate more strongly on their behalf only made his brothers more jealous. They knew what would have happened to them if they had said something like that.

God’s Promise To Esau Fulfilled

2011-12-02T08:43:00.000-08:00

Genesis 36:31-37:1

For nearly a thousand years, Edom was an autonomous country. Initially it appears to have been a loose association of clans or tribes, About the time of Israel’s Exodus from Egypt, they developed a united kingdom, with Bela the son of Beor named as the first king. Another of Beor’s sons, Balaam, is described as a prophet of God in Numbers 22:-24. Eventually, Israel established their own monarchy and conquered Edom. During that period, Edom was ruled by a Jewish deputy or governor, as prophesied to Rebekah in Genesis 25:23. “And the LORD said unto her, Two nations are in thy womb, and two manner of people shall be separated from thy bowels; and the one people shall be stronger than the other people; and the elder shall serve the younger.”

This passage and I Chronicles outline the history of Edom before they were conquered by Israel. The Edomite kings were contemporaries of Israel’s judges. Being king does not appear to have been a hereditary position among the Edomites.

“And these are the kings that reigned in the land of Edom, before there reigned any king over the children of Israel.

And Bela the son of Beor reigned in Edom: and the name of his city was Dinhabah. And Bela died, and Jobab the son of Zerah of Bozrah reigned in his stead. And Jobab died, and Husham of the land of Temani reigned in his stead. And Husham died, and Hadad the son of Bedad, who smote Midian in the field of Moab, reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Avith.

And Hadad died, and Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his stead. And Samlah died, and Saul of Rehoboth by the river reigned in his stead. And Saul died, and Baalhanan the son of Achbor reigned in his stead. And Baalhanan the son of Achbor died, and Hadar reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Pau; and his wife's name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezahab.” (Genesis 36:31-39)

Prior to the development of the kingdom the various clans occupied specific parts of Edom, and the descendants of Esau are listed specifically by their different groups, distinguishing them from the descendants of the Horites.

“And these are the names of the dukes that came of Esau, according to their families, after their places, by their names; duke Timnah, duke Alvah, duke Jetheth, Duke Aholibamah, duke Elah, duke Pinon, Duke Kenaz, duke Teman, duke Mibzar, Duke Magdiel, duke Iram: these be the dukes of Edom, according to their habitations in the land of their possession: he is Esau the father of the Edomites.” (Genesis 36:40-43)

More detail about Edomite history can be found at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom. The history of Edom shows once again that God has fulfilled his promises, even for those who did not serve him.

“And Jacob dwelt in the land wherein his father was a stranger, in the land of Canaan.” (Genesis 37:1)

Because their respective bands were more than the area could support in addition to the various Canaanite tribes, Esau had chosen to move to Edom. Undoubtedly, his decision to go was influenced by his wives connections to the Ishmaelites and the Horite, Seir. Since Jacob had no such connections, it made sense for him to remain where he was. Having sold his birthright, Esau had given up his right to claim God’s promise to Abraham and Isaac to own that land, so it was proper that he should be the one to leave.

Tradition proclaims Moses as the writer of the first five books of the bible, Genesis to Deuteronomy. Since Israel did not have a king until about five hundred years after Moses’ death, it is fairly obvious that Moses could not have written this part of the book as he would not have known the sequence of Edomite kings to follow him. Since the Bible does not attribute the books to Moses, this is not a problem, despite the arguments. Like many of the religious conflicts, the debate here is based on tradition rather than scripture.

Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy all record things Moses said, as well as what God said. The statements in Mark 12:26 and I Corinthians 3:15 do not necessarily indicate Moses is the author but rather that just as Joshua deals primarily with Joshua’s leadership, these books deal primarily with events during Moses’ leadership. Since most historical records do not name the record keeper, the fact that no writer is named is consistent with this as an actual contemporary historical record. As such there would have been a number of writers, which is consistent with manuscript analysis. Document examiners say there were at least five different writers. Moses may of may not have been one of them. Rather than discrediting the Pentateuch, this supports it’s historical value.

A New Man, But With The Old Memories

2011-12-01T09:11:00.000-08:00

Genesis 33:1-20

Jacob had cheated his twin brother out of his blessing and Esau swore to kill him for it. To save his life his parents sent Jacob to his uncle’s house to find a wife. Twenty seven years later Jacob had been afraid to meet Esau, sending everyone else ahead while he stayed on the other side of the brook.

“And Jacob lifted up his eyes, and looked, and, behold, Esau came, and with him four hundred men. And he divided the children unto Leah, and unto Rachel, and unto the two handmaids. And he put the handmaids and their children foremost, and Leah and her children after, and Rachel and Joseph hindermost. And he passed over before them, and bowed himself to the ground seven times, until he came near to his brother.” (Genesis 33:1-3)

After a night wrestling with the Lord, Jacob was a changed man, no longer bound by fear. He divided up his family according to the love he had for them, but rather than hiding behind them, went before them to meet Esau. He went in a spirit of humility and repentance, aware that Esau had reason to be angry.

“And Esau ran to meet him, and embraced him, and fell on his neck, and kissed him: and they wept. And he lifted up his eyes, and saw the women and the children; and said, Who are those with thee? And he said, The children which God hath graciously given thy servant.” (Genesis 33:4-5)

Wonder of wonders, Esau was thrilled to see Jacob after so long a time and their reunion was quite emotional. Finally Esau asked to be introduced to Jacob’s family

“Then the handmaidens came near, they and their children, and they bowed themselves. And Leah also with her children came near, and bowed themselves: and after came Joseph near and Rachel, and they bowed themselves.” (Genesis 33:6-7)

Constantly aware of the wrong he’d done his brother, Jacob had assumed Esau was still angry and when he heard Esau was coming with a large force assumed it was with the intent of killing him. Before being confronted by the Lord, he’d sent out various herds to try to distract Esau’s anger. Though he had been really angry, Esau had forgotten his anger long before and had to ask why Jacob sent them.

“And he said, What meanest thou by all this drove which I met? And he said, These are to find grace in the sight of my lord. And Esau said, I have enough, my brother; keep that thou hast unto thyself.” (Genesis 33:8-9)

Esau was less concerned than Jacob about having more, and while he appreciated the gesture, felt it was unnecessary. He was just glad to have his brother back.

“And Jacob said, Nay, I pray thee, if now I have found grace in thy sight, then receive my present at my hand: for therefore I have seen thy face, as though I had seen the face of God, and thou wast pleased with me. Take, I pray thee, my blessing that is brought to thee; because God hath dealt graciously with me, and because I have enough. And he urged him, and he took it.” (Genesis 33:10-11)

In his relationship with Laban, everything had a price. Nothing was given for free. Jacob had always been a little selfish, but association with Laban had developed the attitude . Jacob’s “present” to Esau had been given from a sense of debt and fear rather than from love. When he sent it out his only concern was with staying alive. In reality, it was a bribe, not a gift. Unfortunately, many people give for the same reason. How many times have you been offered a “free” gift for buying or doing something?

Esau turned down the bribe, saying he had enough. Laban would never have done so. Suddenly Jacob could keep it if he wanted too. When he insisted on giving it to Esau, it was no longer a bribe, but a gift, a demonstration of love and appreciation.

“And he said, Let us take our journey, and let us go, and I will go before thee.

And he said unto him, My lord knoweth that the children are tender, and the flocks and herds with young are with me: and if men should overdrive them one day, all the flock will die. Let my lord, I pray thee, pass over before his servant: and I will lead on softly, according as the cattle that goeth before me and the children be able to endure, until I come unto my lord unto Seir.

And Esau said, Let me now leave with thee some of the folk that are with me. And he said, What needeth it? let me find grace in the sight of my lord. So Esau returned that day on his way unto Seir.” (Genesis 33:12-16)

Even though Jacob was a new man, with a new attitude, he still had the old habits, and the old memories. Esau had forgiven and no longer was troubled by what Jacob had done, but Jacob hadn’t. His sense of guilt kept him from freely accepting Esau’s forgiveness, and prevented a full restoring of the brotherly love they had once had. He refused Esau’s help, and as soon as Esau was out of sight, he went in a different direction. Most people who’ve done wrong find it difficult to accept the forgiveness of others as real, because they are so conscious of and embarrassed by their wrongdoing. They may avoid contact even though others have forgiven them.

“And Jacob journeyed to Succoth, and built him an house, and made booths for his cattle: therefore the name of the place is called Succoth. And Jacob came to Shalem, a city of Shechem, which is in the land of Canaan, when he came from Padanaram; and pitched his tent before the city. And he bought a parcel of a field, where he had spread his tent, at the hand of the children of Hamor, Shechem's father, for an hundred pieces of money. And he erected there an altar, and called it Elelohe-Israel.” (Genesis 33:17-20)

Initially Jacob went to Succoth, where he built shelters for his cattle, and a house for himself. Latter he moved to Shechem, an area belonging to the Hittites of descendants of Heth, and bought land from them. It was the same people Abraham bought the cave of Machpelah from for a burial ground.

At Shechem Jacob built and altar and worshipped God again. It is only his third time, but for the first time he does not think of God as the God of Abraham and Isaac, but as his own God. This time he named the place Elelohe-Israel, or “God, the God of Israel.” He was no longer living on his parents relationship to God, but had his own.

While some people who’ve grown up in a Christian home are like Isaac, and develop faith from watching their parents faith, others are like Jacob, only making a decision as to what they believe after severe trials. Some are like Esau, and reject God’s promises, as not worth considering. Each person is accountable for his own choice.

The Edomite Nation Begins

2011-11-30T08:57:00.000-08:00

Genesis 36:1-29

Proverbs 13:22 states, “A good man leaveth an inheritance to his children's children:…” Though Esau viewed the things of God as of little value, his descendants were blessed by
god because of Isaac’s righteousness. At this point God takes time to show how his family was blessed. Over a thousand years later, Esau’s descendants, the Edomites were still in contact with Israel. God had told Rebekah that the elder, Esau, would serve the younger, while Jacob prophesied in his blessing that Esau would ultimately break free. We see here how the Edomite peoples developed.

“Now these are the generations of Esau, who is Edom. Esau took his wives of the daughters of Canaan; Adah the daughter of Elon the Hittite, and Aholibamah the daughter of Anah the daughter of Zibeon the Hivite; And Bashemath Ishmael's daughter, sister of Nebajoth.” (Genesis 36:1-3)

Esau initially married the two Canaanite women because they were who he was most familiar with. Later, when Jacob was sent away, he married his cousin Bashemath, the daughter of Ishmael in an effort to please his parents.

“And Adah bare to Esau Eliphaz; and Bashemath bare Reuel; And Aholibamah bare Jeush, and Jaalam, and Korah: these are the sons of Esau, which were born unto him in the land of Canaan.” (Genesis 36:4-5)

By time Jacob returned from Padanaram, Esau’s family had grown to include his five sons, their wives and perhaps some of their children, as well as more than four hundred employees and followers. When Jacob moved close to Hebron, even though there was no longer enmity between Jacob and Esau, their combined herds and forces were more than the area would support in addition to the various Canaanite peoples who already claimed the land.

“And Esau took his wives, and his sons, and his daughters, and all the persons of his house, and his cattle, and all his beasts, and all his substance, which he had got in the land of Canaan; and went into the country from the face of his brother Jacob. For their riches were more than that they might dwell together; and the land wherein they were strangers could not bear them because of their cattle. Thus dwelt Esau in mount Seir: Esau is Edom.” (Genesis 36:6-8)

Esau moved his herds to the south east to a region known as Mount Seir, after the leader of the Horite People who lived there. Later the region was called Edom. In Christ’s day the region was known as Idumea. It encompassed most the southern part of present day Jordan and a small part of Saudi Arabia.

“And these are the generations of Esau the father of the Edomites in mount Seir: These are the names of Esau's sons; Eliphaz the son of Adah the wife of Esau, Reuel the son of Bashemath the wife of Esau.” (Genesis 36:9-10)

Adah was a Hittite girl, of the descendants of Heth. While she and Esau had only one son, he had six sons. One of them was by a Horite woman named Timna. She named him Amalek.

“And the sons of Eliphaz were Teman, Omar, Zepho, and Gatam, and Kenaz. And Timna was concubine to Eliphaz Esau's son; and she bare to Eliphaz Amalek: these were the sons of Adah Esau's wife.” (Genesis 36:11-12)

Bashemath was Ishmaels daughter and she and Esau also had just one son, named Reuel. Reuel had four sons. Undoubtedly part of the reason for Esau moving to south was to be near Ishmael’s family.

“And these are the sons of Reuel; Nahath, and Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah: these were the sons of Bashemath Esau's wife.” (Genesis 36:13)

Aholibamah was a Hivite girl, but her mother was a Horite. She and Esau three sons.

“And these were the sons of Aholibamah, the daughter of Anah the daughter of Zibeon, Esau's wife: and she bare to Esau Jeush, and Jaalam, and Korah.” (Genesis 36:14)

Each of Esau’s grandsons formed a clan of their own. The word translated duke here refers to either the clan itself, or the leader of the clan.

“These were dukes of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the firstborn son of Esau; duke Teman, duke Omar, duke Zepho, duke Kenaz, Duke Korah, duke Gatam, and duke Amalek: these are the dukes that came of Eliphaz in the land of Edom; these were the sons of Adah.

And these are the sons of Reuel Esau's son; duke Nahath, duke Zerah, duke Shammah, duke Mizzah: these are the dukes that came of Reuel in the land of Edom; these are the sons of Bashemath Esau's wife.

And these are the sons of Aholibamah Esau's wife; duke Jeush, duke Jaalam, duke Korah: these were the dukes that came of Aholibamah the daughter of Anah, Esau's wife. These are the sons of Esau, who is Edom, and these are their dukes.” (Genesis 36:15-19)

The Horites under Seir already possessed the land. After moving to Mount Seir, Esau’s son Eliphaz married Seir’s daughter, tying the two groups closely together.

“These are the sons of Seir the Horite, who inhabited the land; Lotan, and Shobal, and Zibeon, and Anah, And Dishon, and Ezer, and Dishan: these are the dukes of the Horites, the children of Seir in the land of Edom. And the children of Lotan were Hori and Hemam; and Lotan's sister was Timna.

And the children of Shobal were these; Alvan, and Manahath, and Ebal, Shepho, and Onam.” (Genesis 36:20-23)

One of the reasons Esau went to Mount Seir was probably that his wife Aholibamah was Seir’s great granddaughter. Esau’s son married Aholibamah’s aunt, Seir’s daughter. It is only as we understand how long people lived in those days that we can understand how this could be possible. Remember that at this time, Esau would have been about a hundred, and Isaac had lived to be a hundred eighty, Shem had died only a few years before, having lived five hundred years after the Flood.

“And these are the children of Zibeon; both Ajah, and Anah: this was that Anah that found the mules in the wilderness, as he fed the asses of Zibeon his father.

And the children of Anah were these; Dishon, and Aholibamah the daughter of Anah.

And these are the children of Dishon; Hemdan, and Eshban, and Ithran, and Cheran.

The children of Ezer are these; Bilhan, and Zaavan, and Akan.

The children of Dishan are these; Uz, and Aran.

These are the dukes that came of the Horites; duke Lotan, duke Shobal, duke Zibeon, duke Anah, Duke Dishon, duke Ezer, duke Dishan: these are the dukes that came of Hori, among their dukes in the land of Seir.” (Genesis 36:24-29)

Not all the original clans in Edom were descendants of Esau, but the two peoples lived together and became increasingly intermingled. Not all of Seir’s descendants formed their own clans. Eventually Esau’s descendants became the dominant force.

Rachael’s Death

2011-11-29T08:41:00.000-08:00

Genesis 35:16-20

“And they journeyed from Bethel; and there was but a little way to come to Ephrath: and Rachel travailed, and she had hard labour. And it came to pass, when she was in hard labour, that the midwife said unto her, Fear not; thou shalt have this son also.” (Genesis 35:16-17)

Abortion proponents view pregnancy as almost as bad as cancer, but even the medical establishment treats it more as a disease than as a natural and necessary part of life. One is left with the impression that no mother or child would ever survive childbirth if it were not for the doctors. God designed the woman’s body to give birth efficiently and with little risk. For thousands of years, women had babies without doctors present, and still do. Many of the present day problems with childbirth are the result of the modern lifestyle rather than inherent risk. Both the pain and the risks involved can be reduced by changes in lifestyle.

Though it is a completely natural process, things can go wrong. Rachael was at least fifty and probably well into her sixties by this time. Women are more likely to have problems giving birth after the age of about forty five or fifty, and she had problems delivering the baby. The midwife, who was there to minister to the baby advised her tha the baby would survive.

“And it came to pass, as her soul was in departing, (for she died) that she called his name Benoni: but his father called him Benjamin.” (Genesis 35:18)

About ten years after Joseph’s birth, Benjamin was born. Rachael called him “the Son of My Sorrow” because she would not be there to see hjm grow, but Jacob called him “the Son of The Right hand,” referring to his relationship to Rachael. Benjamin would always be extra special to Jacob as the last thing Rachael had given him.

“And Rachel died, and was buried in the way to Ephrath, which is Bethlehem. And Jacob set a pillar upon her grave: that is the pillar of Rachel's grave unto this day. And Israel journeyed, and spread his tent beyond the tower of Edar.” (Genesis 35:19-21)

Jacob did not take Rachael to Machpelah where Sarah and Abraham were buried, but buried her near present day Bethlehem. As a memorial, he set up a pillar similar to what he had erected at Bethel. He then continued his journey, caring for the rest of his family.

“And it came to pass, when Israel dwelt in that land, that Reuben went and lay with Bilhah his father's concubine: and Israel heard it.” (Genesis 35:22a)

Years of conflict and favoritism combined with a attitude that cheating was okay had resulted in a lack of confidence and moral standards in Reuben. Genesis 49:4 tells us that it was that the resulting instability that led to his sin and would always prevent his attaining his potential. Though he was the eldest son, he was never the leader, always upstaged by his brothers.

“…Now the sons of Jacob were twelve: The sons of Leah; Reuben, Jacob's firstborn, and Simeon, and Levi, and Judah, and Issachar, and Zebulun: The sons of Rachel; Joseph, and Benjamin: And the sons of Bilhah, Rachel's handmaid; Dan, and Naphtali: And the sons of Zilpah, Leah's handmaid; Gad, and Asher: these are the sons of Jacob, which were born to him in Padanaram.” (Genesis 35:22b-26)

*Note that once again we have a situation where those who added the verse divisions ignored the punctuation and meaning of the text. The first part of verse 22 concludes with a period. The last part clearly is related to the following verses and concludes with a colon clearly indicating the sentence and thought are not complete.

“And Jacob came unto Isaac his father unto Mamre, unto the city of Arbah, which is Hebron, where Abraham and Isaac sojourned. And the days of Isaac were an hundred and fourscore years. And Isaac gave up the ghost, and died, and was gathered unto his people, being old and full of days: and his sons Esau and Jacob buried him.” (Genesis 35:27-29)

As a child and young man Jacob had been much closer to his mother than to his father. That Deborah was with Jacob’s family at Bethel indicates there had bee contact between them, but this is the first time Jacob had moved his entire group to see them. They stayed in the area for a considerable period and Jacob spent time with Isaac before he died.

Isaac was a hundred eighty years old at his death, between five and six hundred years after the flood. Shem died five hundred and two years after the flood so his life overlapped that of Isaac and probably Jacob. Notice the decreasing lifespan. God had said man’s lifespan would be a hundred twenty years in Genesis 6:3.

Back To Bethel

2011-11-28T09:00:00.000-08:00

Genesis 35:1-14

“And God said unto Jacob, Arise, go up to Bethel, and dwell there: and make there an altar unto God, that appeared unto thee when thou fleddest from the face of Esau thy brother.” (Genesis 35:1)

After his sons wiped out the city of Shechem, God instructed Jacob to return to Bethel, the House of God. It was a place where Abraham and Isaac had returned repeatedly, and where God had first revealed himself to Jacob. He was to again build and altar to the Lord there.

“Then Jacob said unto his household, and to all that were with him, Put away the strange gods that are among you, and be clean, and change your garments: And let us arise, and go up to Bethel; and I will make there an altar unto God, who answered me in the day of my distress, and was with me in the way which I went.” (Genesis 35:2-3)

A sense of guilt and fear of reprisal by other Hittite cities or attack by other groups had focused Jacob’s attention once again on the Lord. He could no longer depend on the Hittites for protection and had to trust God. When the problems got bad enough so Jacob was willing to listen, God had told him to leave Padanaram, and when Jacob was ready to listen, God told him to go back to Bethel.

Laban’s grand father had been a brother to Abraham,, but his family had begun to worship other gods. Rachael had stolen Laban’s gods when they left Padanaram. Theough Jacob had surrendered to God at Penuel, and had built and altar and worshipped God at Shechem, they had continued to worship other Gods as well, and Jacob had ignored and tacitly approved it, if not participating in the idolatry. For the first time, he realized that those idols were preventing a proper relationship with the Lord and demanded they be put aside.

“And they gave unto Jacob all the strange gods which were in their hand, and all their earrings which were in their ears; and Jacob hid them under the oak which was by Shechem. And they journeyed: and the terror of God was upon the cities that were round about them, and they did not pursue after the sons of Jacob. So Jacob came to Luz, which is in the land of Canaan, that is, Bethel, he and all the people that were with him. And he built there an altar, and called the place Elbethel: because there God appeared unto him, when he fled from the face of his brother.” (Genesis 35:4-7)

Having put away their idols and depending on God for protection, Jacob and his family went to Bethel as commanded. God protected them from retaliation by the surrounding Hittite and Canaanite groups. At Bethel Jacob built an altar and was again reminded of the his previous experience of meeting God there.

“But Deborah Rebekah's nurse died, and she was buried beneath Bethel under an oak: and the name of it was called Allonbachuth.” (Genesis 35:8)

Over a hundred years before, Abraham’s servant had brought Rebecca to marry Isaac. She was accompanied by some handmaids, one of whom was Deborah. She had joined Jacob’s family and her death at Bethel was a momentous occasion.

“And God appeared unto Jacob again, when he came out of Padanaram, and blessed him. And God said unto him, Thy name is Jacob: thy name shall not be called any more Jacob, but Israel shall be thy name: and he called his name Israel. And God said unto him, I am God Almighty: be fruitful and multiply; a nation and a company of nations shall be of thee, and kings shall come out of thy loins; And the land which I gave Abraham and Isaac, to thee I will give it, and to thy seed after thee will I give the land. And God went up from him in the place where he talked with him.” (Genesis 35:9-13)

For the first time, Jacob was not hedging his bets by depending on other gods or his own efforts to get him by. God responded by revealing what he had wanted to show him all along. He repeated that Jacob was no longer the Supplanter, but the Prince with God, or Israel. He then went on to declare that he would receive the promises made to Abraham more than a hundred years before. Unless we trust God completely, we will never understand his working in our lives.

“And Jacob set up a pillar in the place where he talked with him, even a pillar of stone: and he poured a drink offering thereon, and he poured oil thereon. And Jacob called the name of the place where God spake with him, Bethel.” (Genesis 35:14-15)

Once again Jacob sets up a pillar of stone for a reminder of his encounters with God. Sometimes we need such reminders.

Anger Results In Sin

2011-11-25T06:53:00.000-08:00

Genesis 34:1-31

Though he built lambing sheds and corrals at Succoth, Jacob had no intention of living with the noise and smells of his livestock all the time. Near the Hittite village of Shechem he bought land and built a permanent home for his family.

“And Dinah the daughter of Leah, which she bare unto Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land.” (Genesis 34:1)

As the only girl, Dinah was undoubtedly adored and spoiled by her eleven brothers, her father, her mother and each of Jacob’s other wives. With no other girls her age around, she undoubtedly craved someone to talk to. She went into town looking to make friends.

“And when Shechem the son of Hamor the Hivite, prince of the country, saw her, he took her, and lay with her, and defiled her. And his soul clave unto Dinah the daughter of Jacob, and he loved the damsel, and spake kindly unto the damsel. And Shechem spake unto his father Hamor, saying, Get me this damsel to wife.” (Genesis 34:2-4)

Looking for friends of her own, Dinah met a handsome young man who didn’t treat her as his sister. Her craving for friendship and lack of experience with people who weren’t relatives or employees of her father’s made her especially susceptible to his attraction. It wasn’t long before they were sexually involved, effectively making her marriage to anyone else wrong, Deuteronomy 22:13-21 describes the penalty for a girl who’d had sex marrying another guy. If she’d been sexually involved, she had better let the guy she married know in advance if she didn’t want to be killed.

I Corinthians 6:17 describes the bonding that takes place as a result of sexual involvement, and Shechem, the young man, wanted to marry Dinah. In doing so, he fulfilled God’s command in Exodus 22:16. “And if a man entice a maid that is not betrothed, and lie with her, he shall surely endow her to be his wife.” He asked his father to make the necessary arrangements.

“And Jacob heard that he had defiled Dinah his daughter: now his sons were with his cattle in the field: and Jacob held his peace until they were come. And Hamor the father of Shechem went out unto Jacob to commune with him. And the sons of Jacob came out of the field when they heard it: and the men were grieved, and they were very wroth, because he had wrought folly in Israel in lying with Jacob's daughter; which thing ought not to be done.” (Genesis 24:5-7)

Jacob was upset, feeling that Shechem had taken advantage of Dinah. Her brothers were even more upset. Sex was viewed as a very important part of marriage and was not to be treated casually, even though the law would not be given for another five hundred years.

“And Hamor communed with them, saying, The soul of my son Shechem longeth for your daughter: I pray you give her him to wife. And make ye marriages with us, and give your daughters unto us, and take our daughters unto you. And ye shall dwell with us: and the land shall be before you; dwell and trade ye therein, and get you possessions therein.” (Genesis 34:8-10)

For a hundred fifty years, the Hittites had dealt with Abraham and his family, and they were closely allied. Hamor was asking for a permanent tie and relationship between the two groups.

“And Shechem said unto her father and unto her brethren, Let me find grace in your eyes, and what ye shall say unto me I will give. Ask me never so much dowry and gift, and I will give according as ye shall say unto me: but give me the damsel to wife.” (Genesis 34:11-12)

Shechem was willing to pay whatever amount her family might require because he loved Dinah and wanted to set things right, He recognized her parent’s authority since she was still under their care. Exodus 22:17 acknowledges the parents part. “If her father utterly refuse to give her unto him, he shall pay money according to the dowry of virgins.”

“And the sons of Jacob answered Shechem and Hamor his father deceitfully, and said, because he had defiled Dinah their sister: And they said unto them, We cannot do this thing, to give our sister to one that is uncircumcised; for that were a reproach unto us: But in this will we consent unto you: If ye will be as we be, that every male of you be circumcised; Then will we give our daughters unto you, and we will take your daughters to us, and we will dwell with you, and we will become one people. But if ye will not hearken unto us, to be circumcised; then will we take our daughter, and we will be gone.” (Genesis 34:13-17)

Jacob and his son’s had no intention of joining and becoming part of the Hittite nation. They were depending on the promises by God. There was nothing in their covenant with God to require that the family they married into adopt the Jewish religion. The covenant was strictly for those of Abraham’s family or those who wanted to be part of it. They would have no qualms about one of the boys marrying a Hittite girl, but because she was their only sister they were overly protective.

Jacob’s sons had seen constant efforts to deceive by both their father and their uncle as well as by their mothers. It had become accepted as the proper way to do things. Their response to Shechem and Hamor was a conditioned response. They would have had to work at doing differently.

“And their words pleased Hamor, and Shechem Hamor's son. And the young man deferred not to do the thing, because he had delight in Jacob's daughter: and he was more honourable than all the house of his father.” (Genesis 34:18-19)

Shechem and Hamor were entirely honest in their approach. Because they were honest, they assumed Jacob and his family would be equally honest. They didn’t hesitate about committing to the terms they were offered.

“And Hamor and Shechem his son came unto the gate of their city, and communed with the men of their city, saying, These men are peaceable with us; therefore let them dwell in the land, and trade therein; for the land, behold, it is large enough for them; let us take their daughters to us for wives, and let us give them our daughters. Only herein will the men consent unto us for to dwell with us, to be one people, if every male among us be circumcised, as they are circumcised. Shall not their cattle and their substance and every beast of theirs be ours? only let us consent unto them, and they will dwell with us. And unto Hamor and unto Shechem his son hearkened all that went out of the gate of his city; and every male was circumcised, all that went out of the gate of his city.” (Genesis 34:20-24)

Because Hamor and Shechem were highly trusted by their own people, the men of the city took their word for the intentions of Jacob’s family. If circumcision was what a treaty would require, they were willing to submit and did so. No one suspected any duplicity.

“And it came to pass on the third day, when they were sore, that two of the sons of Jacob, Simeon and Levi, Dinah's brethren, took each man his sword, and came upon the city boldly, and slew all the males. And they slew Hamor and Shechem his son with the edge of the sword, and took Dinah out of Shechem's house, and went out.” (Genesis 34:25-26)

Simeon and Levi were Leah’s sons, just younger than Reuben and several years older than Dinah. The constant conflicts within the family appear to have resulted in Reuben lacking confidence and moral strength according to Genesis 49:3-4, probably blaming himself for the conflict. Simeon and Levi became angry, though they probably concealed it. The suggestion to require the Hittites to be circumcised probably came from them, and was adopted by the others with no knowledge of what they planned. Dinah had moved in as Shechem’s wife.

Taking advantage of the men’s pain after being circumcised, Simeon and Levi then murdered all the men in the city. The release of their pent up anger resulted in violating the agreement Jacob had made, a refusal to forgive even when God’s standards had been met, and the deaths of innocent men. As Proverbs 29:22 states, “An angry man stirreth up strife, and a furious man aboundeth in transgression.”

“The sons of Jacob came upon the slain, and spoiled the city, because they had defiled their sister. They took their sheep, and their oxen, and their asses, and that which was in the city, and that which was in the field, And all their wealth, and all their little ones, and their wives took they captive, and spoiled even all that was in the house.” (Genesis 34:27-29)

Though they hadn’t approved the murders, Jacob’s other sons were still resentful about what had happened. The resentment was used as an excuse for taking everything the Hittites had for themselves, even though they had done nothing wrong to them.

“And Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, Ye have troubled me to make me to stink among the inhabitants of the land, among the Canaanites and the Perizzites: and I being few in number, they shall gather themselves together against me, and slay me; and I shall be destroyed, I and my house.” (Genesis 34:30)

Abraham and Isaac had spent nearly a hundred and fifty years establishing a relationship with the local people and in a fit of anger, Simeon and Levi had destroyed all that trust by ignoring the favors the Hittites had done them in leaving them alone and allowing them to live there, and openly violating the treaty they had made. Fifty years later, in Genesis 49:5-7, God directed Jacob to warn the others, “Simeon and Levi are brethren; instruments of cruelty are in their habitations. O my soul, come not thou into their secret; unto their assembly, mine honour, be not thou united: for in their anger they slew a man, and in their selfwill they digged down a wall. Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce; and their wrath, for it was cruel: I will divide them in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel.”

Proverbs 22:4-5 commands, “Make no friendship with an angry man; and with a furious man thou shalt not go: Lest thou learn his ways, and get a snare to thy soul.” God cursed their anger, and, because anger is so easily learned and feeds on the anger of others, God would separate the two tribes in Israel, even splitting Levi so they never had a possession of their own.

“And they said, Should he deal with our sister as with an harlot?” (Genesis 34:31)

Their response was typical of angry people, focusing on the perceived wrong and dismissing their own sin as justified, even thought it was far worse than what they had suffered. Dinah had been as much a participant as Shechem, and he had not treated her as a prostitute, nor had he raped her. Anger seldom looks at all the facts.

Colossians 3:21 commands, “Fathers, provoke not your children to anger, lest they be discouraged.” Though they demonstrated their frustration differently Jacobs children were all affected by the conflict in the family. Parents seldom realize how much their attitudes affect the children. The cause may not be obvious without looking beyond the immediate situation.

One thing that must be remembered is that while the parents are responsible for what they teach their children, the children are responsible for what they do.

Wrestling With God

2011-11-23T07:24:00.000-08:00

Genesis 32:24-32

Even after seeing God’s host there to protect him, and doing everything he could to ensure that Esau wouldn’t kill him, Jacob was still afraid. Just as Adam and Eve hid from God in fear as a result of their sense of guilt, Jacob was unable to trust God because of his.

“And Jacob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. And when he saw that he prevailed not against him, he touched the hollow of his thigh; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was out of joint, as he wrestled with him.” (Genesis 32:24-25)

Jacob had done everything he could possibly do and his guilt had him convinced there was no hope, because Esau was approaching with four hundred men, enough to completely wipe out his entire party, Jacob was cringing in fear on the other side of the brook, completely alone. It is at the lowest point in his life and the Lord confronted him again. Jacob refused to yield, but at the same time not willing to let the Lord go. It is a scene that is played out by many people, although not always physically. Like so many, Jacob refused to yield until God used physical loss of health, loved ones or belongings to get his attention.

“And he said, Let me go, for the day breaketh. And he said, I will not let thee go, except thou bless me.” (Genesis 32:26)

All night Jacob wrestled with God trying to get God’s blessing his own way. At Bethel, Jacob had left the impression he was doing God a favor by accepting his blessings. After all the struggles, and wrestling with the Lord all night Jacob was willing to give anything to obtain God’s blessing. It is a point everyone who wants to be a Christian must come to according to Luke 14:26. “If any man come to me, and hate not his father, and mother, and wife, and children, and brethren, and sisters, yea, and his own life also, he cannot be my disciple.” For some it seems much harder than others, because they are more controlled by pride.

“And he said unto him, What is thy name? And he said, Jacob.” (Genesis 32:27)

Once Jacob committed to wanting God’s blessings, he still needed one thing. The Lord asked his name. It must have been unpleasant confessing he was called Jacob, “the supplanter or cheat” because of his nature, but until we acknowledge our sin, our pride keeps us from receiving salvation, according to I John 1:8-10. “If we say that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us. If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. If we say that we have not sinned, we make him a liar, and his word is not in us.” By admitting his name, Jacob was admitting that was what he was.

“And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast prevailed.” (Genesis 32:28)

Twenty seven years after his attempt to bargain with God, and experiencing God’s protection and blessing for the entire time, though he thought it was the result of his own efforts, Jacob finally surrendered to God. From that moment he was no longer Jacob, “the cheat,” but Israel, “a prince with God”.

II Corinthians 5:17 declares, “Therefore if any man be in Christ, he is a new creature: old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new.” Like Jacob, we are no longer the sinner, but a new person. I Corinthians 6:9-10 lists lifestyles that will not be admitted to heaven. The next verse, 11, states, “And such were some of you: but ye are washed, but ye are sanctified, but ye are justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and by the Spirit of our God.” While we may fall back into the old habits occasionally, we have a new nature, and will be very uncomfortable. I wonder what would have happened if Jacob had believed God at Bethel?

“And Jacob asked him, and said, Tell me, I pray thee, thy name. And he said, Wherefore is it that thou dost ask after my name? And he blessed him there.” (Genesis 32:29)

When Jacob wanted to know the Lord’s name he asked him why. Jacob already knew who he was. A formal name was less important than that Jacob knew he was God. It is far more important to a little child to know this is “Daddy” than to know his name is John Henry Smith III. It is far more important we Know God as our father than to know his name. He then gave Jacob the blessing he had sought.

“And Jacob called the name of the place Peniel: for I have seen God face to face, and my life is preserved. And as he passed over Penuel the sun rose upon him, and he halted upon his thigh. Therefore the children of Israel eat not of the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day: because he touched the hollow of Jacob's thigh in the sinew that shrank.” (Genesis 32:30-32)

Since we are repeatedly told that no man hate seen God at any time, it is obvious that Jacob had not seen God the father, but Jesus Christ. Jacob called the place Peniel or Penuel, meaning “the face of God”. The physical injury he’d sustained would remain with him for the rest of his life as a reminder of his meeting with God, both to him and his descendants.

The removal of his guilt took away Jacob’s reason for fear, and he wasted no time crossing the brook.

Still Depending On Himself

2011-11-22T09:24:00.000-08:00

Genesis 32:1-24

Through out his life Abraham had depended upon God to accomplish things in his life. He left Haran because God told him to, headed for an unknown destination god was to show him. He believed God’s promise to give him the land without hesitation, and acted accordingly. While there were a few exceptions when his faith wavered, he had set such and example of faith that even his servants learned to trust God as was demonstrated by the servant who went to get Isaac a wife.

Isaac had grown up seeing the results of Abraham’s faith but because of it he had rarely needed to exhibit his own faith as openly. Like many second generation Christians, who were not old enough to understand what their parents went through, he had a strong belief in God, but because his life had fewer struggles than his parents, his children didn’t see how real his faith was.

Like many third generation Christians, Jacob viewed serving God as something their family did, but with no real faith, as demonstrated by his proposal to God in Genesis 28:20-21. “And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, If God will be with me, and will keep me in this way that I go, and will give me bread to eat, and raiment to put on, So that I come again to my father's house in peace; then shall the LORD be my God:…”

As a result of his not lack of faith, Jacob constantly tried to ensure he would get what he wanted by cheating and manipulation, from his trading a bowl of lentils for Esau’s birthright to stealing the blessing, to his efforts to influence the genetics of Laban’s cattle. It was an unsatisfying life, but it was not until God showed him it was God’s actions and not his scheming that had produced his wealth that he began to really worship God for what he had done.

“And Jacob went on his way, and the angels of God met him. And when Jacob saw them, he said, This is God's host: and he called the name of that place Mahanaim.” (Genesis 32:1-2)

When Jacob built an altar and began to worship God on his way back to where he had directed him God began to reveal himself to him. Suddenly he saw the forces God had to protect him. It was a memorable sight, and he named the place Mahanaim, or ‘the double encampment,’ as of a military encampment adjacent to a civilian community.

“And Jacob sent messengers before him to Esau his brother unto the land of Seir, the country of Edom. And he commanded them, saying, Thus shall ye speak unto my lord Esau; Thy servant Jacob saith thus, I have sojourned with Laban, and stayed there until now: And I have oxen, and asses, flocks, and menservants, and womenservants: and I have sent to tell my lord, that I may find grace in thy sight.” (Genesis 32:3-5)

A walk with God requires there be no ongoing sin in our lives. Things we have done against others stand between us and God. Matthew 5:23-24 commands, “Therefore if thou bring thy gift to the altar, and there rememberest that thy brother hath ought against thee; Leave there thy gift before the altar, and go thy way; first be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift.” As we develop a love for God we should desire to eliminate things which stand between us and him. For the first time, Jacob began to try to straighten out his relationship with Esau.

“And the messengers returned to Jacob, saying, We came to thy brother Esau, and also he cometh to meet thee, and four hundred men with him. Then Jacob was greatly afraid and distressed: and he divided the people that was with him, and the flocks, and herds, and the camels, into two bands; And said, If Esau come to the one company, and smite it, then the other company which is left shall escape.” (Genesis 32:6-8)

Just as God had warned Laban not to attack Jacob, he had worked in Esau’s heart to produce forgiveness. When Esau heard that Jacob was coming he collected a force of four hundred to help herd his flocks and protect them. Jacob’s guilty conscience immediately assumed Esau was still angry, and began to try to figure out a way to protect himself, never recognizing that the host of God was there to protect him if needed. For the first time, he asked for God’s protection, reminding him of his promise.

“And Jacob said, O God of my father Abraham, and God of my father Isaac, the LORD which saidst unto me, Return unto thy country, and to thy kindred, and I will deal well with thee: I am not worthy of the least of all the mercies, and of all the truth, which thou hast showed unto thy servant; for with my staff I passed over this Jordan; and now I am become two bands. Deliver me, I pray thee, from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau: for I fear him, lest he will come and smite me, and the mother with the children. And thou saidst, I will surely do thee good, and make thy seed as the sand of the sea, which cannot be numbered for multitude.” (Genesis 32:9-12)

Although Jacob had finally begun to trust God, he still had the habit of trying to make things happen his way. When confronted with a similar situation, he habitually reverted to his old way. This is exactly what Paul described in his own life in Romans 7. Only as we allow the Holy Spirit to have his way do we overcome that tendency. Jacob decided to try to placate Esau with a series of gifts.

“And he lodged there that same night; and took of that which came to his hand a present for Esau his brother; Two hundred she goats, and twenty he goats, two hundred ewes, and twenty rams, Thirty milch camels with their colts, forty kine, and ten bulls, twenty she asses, and ten foals. And he delivered them into the hand of his servants, every drove by themselves; and said unto his servants, Pass over before me, and put a space betwixt drove and drove.

And he commanded the foremost, saying, When Esau my brother meeteth thee, and asketh thee, saying, Whose art thou? and whither goest thou? and whose are these before thee? Then thou shalt say, They be thy servant Jacob's; it is a present sent unto my lord Esau: and, behold, also he is behind us.

And so commanded he the second, and the third, and all that followed the droves, saying, On this manner shall ye speak unto Esau, when ye find him. And say ye moreover, Behold, thy servant Jacob is behind us. For he said, I will appease him with the present that goeth before me, and afterward I will see his face; peradventure he will accept of me. So went the present over before him: and himself lodged that night in the company.” (Genesis 32:13-21)

A sense of guilt grows as long as it is not dealt with, often taking over a persons whole life. In his book, Competent To Counsel, Jay Adams described a number of people who had taken refuge in insanity or drugs to escape the consequences of their sin. After twenty seven years, Jacob’s guilt feelings were huge. He assumed that Esau’s anger had grown in a corresponding manner. He hoped that a series of gifts would break down Esau’s wrath. He wasn’t even sure that would be enough.

“And he rose up that night, and took his two wives, and his two womenservants, and his eleven sons, and passed over the ford Jabbok. And he took them, and sent them over the brook, and sent over that he had. And Jacob was left alone;…” (Genesis 32:22-24)

In a last ditch effort, Jacob sent his wives and children ahead, hoping that Esau would feel bad about killing the children’s father and change his mind. Fearing that Esau might even kill his family, Jacob separated them, sending the different wives and their children out with those he cared least about in front in hopes that the others would have time to escape if he attacked them. Jacob himself remained on the other side of the brook, knowing that Esau’s anger was toward himself. Only if Esau appeared to be mollified would Jacob cross the brook.

Dealing With Conflict

2011-11-21T08:01:00.000-08:00

Genesis 31:36-54

“And Jacob was wroth, and chided with Laban: and Jacob answered and said to Laban, What is my trespass? what is my sin, that thou hast so hotly pursued after me? Whereas thou hast searched all my stuff, what hast thou found of all thy household stuff? set it here before my brethren and thy brethren, that they may judge betwixt us both.” (Genesis 31:36-37)

Jacob had snuck away as if he were hiding something, waiting until he thought Laban would not find out for several days. When Laban searched for his idols and didn’t find them the emotional tension was released as anger. The frustration and anger had built for twenty years. The accusations of theft and search of his goods pushed Jacob too far. Though they had been buried, all the grievances had never been dealt with or forgiven, and anger was just below the surface. It finally came out.

“This twenty years have I been with thee; thy ewes and thy she goats have not cast their young, and the rams of thy flock have I not eaten. That which was torn of beasts I brought not unto thee; I bare the loss of it; of my hand didst thou require it, whether stolen by day, or stolen by night. Thus I was; in the day the drought consumed me, and the frost by night; and my sleep departed from mine eyes. Thus have I been twenty years in thy house; I served thee fourteen years for thy two daughters, and six years for thy cattle: and thou hast changed my wages ten times.

Except the God of my father, the God of Abraham, and the fear of Isaac, had been with me, surely thou hadst sent me away now empty. God hath seen mine affliction and the labour of my hands, and rebuked thee yesternight.” (Genesis 31:38-42)

Laban had intentionally taken advantage of Jacob, never sticking to his agreements. By ignoring it and saying nothing, Jacob left the impression that he didn’t care, and Laban was encouraged to do even more. Had Jacob spoken sooner, the problem would never have reached such a level. To ignore wrongdoing encourages it. In Matthew 18:15-17 Jesus gives advice on how to prevent it becoming a problem, by addressing it before we get angry, and if the person insists on doing it, by separating on friendly terms.

Though he was family, Laban would have left Jacob destitute and blamed him for being such a fool, except for God’s protection. Even the previous night, God had warned Laban not to interfere. Notice that Jacob refers to God as the God of Abraham and Isaac. He still hasn’t committed himself to God. He’s a little like Nebuchadnezzar in Daniel 1-3 talking about the God of Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego. Finally in Daniel 4:37 he said, “Now I Nebuchadnezzar praise and extol and honour the King of heaven…” Though he knew God, and God had spoken to him, He had not worshipped God since his vision at Bethel.

“And Laban answered and said unto Jacob, These daughters are my daughters, and these children are my children, and these cattle are my cattle, and all that thou seest is mine: and what can I do this day unto these my daughters, or unto their children which they have born? Now therefore come thou, let us make a covenant, I and thou; and let it be for a witness between me and thee.” (Genesis 31:43-44)

Like many selfish people, Laban, though he had agreed to allow Jacob to have those things, had never acknowledged they were not his. A friend of our family bought a used car from a lady. A few days later she parked the car on the street, and the former owner chewed her out because that car was not to be parked in the sun. Laban still thought of even Jacob’s wives as belonging to him. When confronted and God intervened he finally relinquished control and asked for a peace agreement with Jacob.

“And Jacob took a stone, and set it up for a pillar. And Jacob said unto his brethren, Gather stones; and they took stones, and made an heap: and they did eat there upon the heap.

And Laban called it Jegarsahadutha: but Jacob called it Galeed. And Laban said, This heap is a witness between me and thee this day. Therefore was the name of it called Galeed; And Mizpah; for he said, The LORD watch between me and thee, when we are absent one from another. If thou shalt afflict my daughters, or if thou shalt take other wives beside my daughters, no man is with us; see, God is witness betwixt me and thee.

And Laban said to Jacob, Behold this heap, and behold this pillar, which I have cast betwixt me and thee; This heap be witness, and this pillar be witness, that I will not pass over this heap to thee, and that thou shalt not pass over this heap and this pillar unto me, for harm. The God of Abraham, and the God of Nahor, the God of their father, judge betwixt us. And Jacob sware by the fear of his father Isaac.” (Genesis 31:45-53)

They carefully set one large stone up as a pillar and piled others beside it to remind both groups of the treaty between Jacob and Laban. It was established as an oath or promise before God, and they would both trust God to keep things right between them. Like Jacob, Laban doesn’t have a very strong personal relationship with God, referring to him as the God of Abraham and Nahor, his grandfather, not as his own. He worshipped other gods.

“Then Jacob offered sacrifice upon the mount, and called his brethren to eat bread: and they did eat bread, and tarried all night in the mount. And early in the morning Laban rose up, and kissed his sons and his daughters, and blessed them: and Laban departed, and returned unto his place.” (Genesis 31:54-55)

With the years of resentment resolved, they were able to sit and fellowship together and part with no bad feelings between them. It will be the last significant dealings between the Syrians and Israel for centuries. From then on their wives would be taken among their neighbors.

Leaving Without Saying Goodbye

2011-11-18T11:20:00.000-08:00

Genesis 31:19-35

Laban’s sons had begun to accuse Jacob of stealing from their father, and the tensions were getting quite high. God had promised Rebekah that Jacob’s descendants would be the stronger people, but Jacob had cheated to get the birthright because he didn’t trust God’s promise. He and Rebekah had deceived his father for the same reason. At Bethel, he tried to make a deal with God to force God to keep his promise. He consciously tried to manipulate the terms of his contract with Laban, because he doesn‘t trust God to keep his promise. After having established such a pattern of manipulation of others, it is not surprising that he would try to slip away without attracting anyone’s attention.

“And Laban went to shear his sheep: and Rachel had stolen the images that were her father's. And Jacob stole away unawares to Laban the Syrian, in that he told him not that he fled. So he fled with all that he had; and he rose up, and passed over the river, and set his face toward the mount Gilead.” (Genesis 31:19-21)

Knowing that Laban and his sons would be gone for possibly a month, Jacob took advantage of their absence to leave, trying to put enough distance between them so Laban wouldn’t bother to pursue them. During his stay in Padanaram, Jacob had been so wrapped up in his own plans he had neglected his relationship with God. As a result, Rachael still worshipped the idols Laban’s family had begun to worship. With Laban gone, she stole them to take with her, although she knew Jacob would not approve the theft.

“And it was told Laban on the third day that Jacob was fled. And he took his brethren with him, and pursued after him seven days' journey; and they overtook him in the mount Gilead. And God came to Laban the Syrian in a dream by night, and said unto him, Take heed that thou speak not to Jacob either good or bad.” (Genesis 31:22-24)

Things didn’t work out quite the way Jacob expected. He had only been gone three days when Laban was informed of his departure, and of the theft of the idols. Angered by the theft Laban pursued them far more intently than he otherwise would have. Herds such as Jacob had would not normally travel more than eight or ten miles a day, and a man on foot can easily travel thirty to forty miles a day. Jacob was pushing his cattle and sheep so hard it took Laban and his sons seven days to catch up, implying Jacob had a guilty conscience.

By the time he caught them Laban was really upset. God spoke to him warning him not to express his anger, but to say nothing either good or bad to Jacob. Jacob was undoubtedly shocked that they had pursued him so far. Sneaking away shouldn’t have upset him that much.

“Then Laban overtook Jacob. Now Jacob had pitched his tent in the mount: and Laban with his brethren pitched in the mount of Gilead. And Laban said to Jacob, What hast thou done, that thou hast stolen away unawares to me, and carried away my daughters, as captives taken with the sword? Wherefore didst thou flee away secretly, and steal away from me; and didst not tell me, that I might have sent thee away with mirth, and with songs, with tabret, and with harp? And hast not suffered me to kiss my sons and my daughters? thou hast now done foolishly in so doing. It is in the power of my hand to do you hurt: but the God of your father spake unto me yesternight, saying, Take thou heed that thou speak not to Jacob either good or bad.” (Genesis 31:25-29)

Jacob’s selfish effort to avoid an emotional scene had hurt Laban deeply by not allowing him to tell his daughters and grandchildren goodbye. It would have hurt Jacob’s children equally, leaving the impression that things were not right between them and their grandfather. Because we don’t want to deal with our childerns grief, we may avoid letting them attend a funeral or sneak away from their grandparents. In doing so, we prevent their being able to come to terms with the separation, extending the pain, but causing it to be hidden. Emotions are a very important part of human life and need to be dealt with in a proper manner to avoid causing long term pain. We need to accept our responsibility in addressing the emotional effects of our actions. Ignoring them is a foolish decision.

“And now, though thou wouldest needs be gone, because thou sore longedst after thy father's house, yet wherefore hast thou stolen my gods?” (Genesis 31:30)

While he’d been hurt by not being allowed to tell them goodbye, Laban could understand his desire to go to his own family. What really upset Laban was the theft of his gods. One of the reasons for sending Jacob to Laban for help finding a wife was because they knew his family had worshipped God. While he hadn’t completely turned away yet, Laban had begun to worship other gods. Taking away his gods was an attack on his most innermost beliefs and values. It could only be perceived as a personal attack, and provoke antagonism. Had God not stopped him Laban and his party would have attacked and tried to kill Jacob. If we cared enough to consider how it affects people’s emotions, Christians would approach other groups far differently, in a far more scriptural manner.

“And Jacob answered and said to Laban, Because I was afraid: for I said, Peradventure thou wouldest take by force thy daughters from me. With whomsoever thou findest thy gods, let him not live: before our brethren discern thou what is thine with me, and take it to thee. For Jacob knew not that Rachel had stolen them.” (Genesis 31:31-32)

Jacob admitted his failure to trust God. Despite God’s promise to protect him and bring him safely back to Canaan, he was afraid and snuck away. Not believing that any of his family had stolen the gods, Jacob gave Laban permission to search their belongings and execute whoever had stolen them. He was sure they weren’t there.

“And Laban went into Jacob's tent, and into Leah's tent, and into the two maidservants' tents; but he found them not. Then went he out of Leah's tent, and entered into Rachel's tent. Now Rachel had taken the images, and put them in the camel's furniture, and sat upon them. And Laban searched all the tent, but found them not. And she said to her father, Let it not displease my lord that I cannot rise up before thee; for the custom of women is upon me. And he searched, but found not the images.” (Genesis 31:33-35)

After searching everyone else’s stuff, Laban came to Rachael, who had stolen the idols. To hide them she had stuffed them into the camel saddle and was using it for a chair. When her father came in she used the excuse of menstruation as and excuse for not welcoming him and stayed seated on the saddle so he couldn’t see them. As a result Laban didn’t find them.

Each family develops a family culture. It is different from every family around them and is learned from the attitudes and behavior of the parents and grandparents, although it is affected by the temperaments of the children. Both Laban and Rachael had learned a deceptive attitude in Bethuel’s home and it was passed on to their children. Parent often don’t realize how much our children copy them. Those cultural attitudes affect everything we do. Fortunately they can be changed.

The Decision to Leave Padanaram

2011-11-17T08:37:00.000-08:00

Genesis 31:1-18

Laban had agreed to let Jacob have the off color cattle in the belief that by separating the herds, there would be very few. He was trying to take advantage of Jacobhoping to get a lot of work for very little pay. It wasn’t long before he and his sons began to resent every animal that Jacob got, although their herd was growing acceptably. Most dishonest people assume others are just like they are and when their efforts to cheat are unsuccessful, they assume the intended victim is cheating them and get very angry. It seems to be okay for them to cheat you, but not for you to cheat them.

“And he heard the words of Laban's sons, saying, Jacob hath taken away all that was our father's; and of that which was our father's hath he gotten all this glory. And Jacob beheld the countenance of Laban, and, behold, it was not toward him as before. And the LORD said unto Jacob, Return unto the land of thy fathers, and to thy kindred; and I will be with thee.” (Genesis 31:1-3)

Though it was what Laban had agreed to, Laban’s sons began to feel that Jacob’s cattle rightfully belonged to them. There began to be jealousy and tensions between Jacob and the rest of the family, making it uncomfortable to stay. Jacob probably began to wish he’d left when Joseph was born as he’d originally planned. God usually speaks with a still small voice and only those who are listening hear him. Jacob was hearing the money he thought he’d make and ignored God’s voice, until things got unpleasant enough to get his attention.

“And Jacob sent and called Rachel and Leah to the field unto his flock, And said unto them, I see your father's countenance, that it is not toward me as before; but the God of my father hath been with me. And ye know that with all my power I have served your father.

And your father hath deceived me, and changed my wages ten times; but God suffered him not to hurt me. If he said thus, The speckled shall be thy wages; then all the cattle bare speckled: and if he said thus, The ringstreaked shall be thy hire; then bare all the cattle ringstreaked. Thus God hath taken away the cattle of your father, and given them to me.” (Genesis 31:4-9)

Jacob wisely got his wives together and explained what was going on. Laban had been trying to cheat Jacob ever since he had substituted Leah for Rachael twenty years before, although Jacob was considerate enough not to upset Leah by bringing it up. Like many modern employers, when Jacob began to make fairly good wages, Laban changed the reward program in an effort to keep more for himself. Laban had even gone so far as to limit Jacob’s pay to those of a certain patterns in an effort to limit his profit, but God had continued to provide for Jacob, causing the cattle to have a predominance of the color that were to be Jacob’s. God also revealed that Jacob’s attempts to influence what color calves and lambs they would have had accomplished nothing.

“And it came to pass at the time that the cattle conceived, that I lifted up mine eyes, and saw in a dream, and, behold, the rams which leaped upon the cattle were ringstreaked, speckled, and grisled. And the angel of God spake unto me in a dream, saying, Jacob: And I said, Here am I. And he said, Lift up now thine eyes, and see, all the rams which leap upon the cattle are ringstreaked, speckled, and grisled: for I have seen all that Laban doeth unto thee. I am the God of Bethel, where thou anointedst the pillar, and where thou vowedst a vow unto me: now arise, get thee out from this land, and return unto the land of thy kindred.” (Genesis 31:10-13)

Though a particular color or pattern might predominate. Labans cows were still mixed stock, carrying genes for more than one color or pattern. From Mendel’s Laws, we know that over time the ratios of one color to another should remain about the same, except that selective breeding can eventually isolate a particular trait, although at times one color or another might be most common. God simply caused the color Laban designated to Jacob to be most common that year. Under mendel’s laws, if one color dominated one year, a different one was likely to be predominant the next. Had Laban kept the agreement the same, over time the laws of genetics would have ensured that most of the cattle would be his, but by changing them he increased his risk, and at the same time antagonized God.

Twenty seven years after the saw the vision at Bethel and promised God that if he’d take care of him and bring him back safely, he’d let God be his God, god reminds him of that promise and tells him to go back where he belongs. God never forgets his promises, or ours.

“And Rachel and Leah answered and said unto him, Is there yet any portion or inheritance for us in our father's house? Are we not counted of him strangers? for he hath sold us, and hath quite devoured also our money. For all the riches which God hath taken from our father, that is ours, and our children's: now then, whatsoever God hath said unto thee, do.” (Genesis 31:14-16)

Rachael and Leah had been aware of the deteriorating relationship with their family, and knew they were not really welcome anymore, The original intent of the dowry had been to provide a fund for the wife so if something happened to her husband she wold have some thing to live on. Her parents were responsible to see that the money was available should it ever happen. Today, the dowry is usually treated as payment to the parents for raising the girl, and is treated as income, rather than being held in trust for her. Under the old Testament law, if a man had sex with a woman he was to endow her as his wife, even if she was underage and her parents refused to let her live with him as his wife according to exodus 22:16.

Jacob had produced a great deal by working for seven years for each of the girls, but Laban had spent the money instead of saving it for them, so there was nothing for them to look forward to if they stayed. If God wanted them to leave, they were willing to go. That they were willing to leave was a confirmation that God was leading, so Jacob packed up and left, without telling anyone he was leaving.

“Then Jacob rose up, and set his sons and his wives upon camels; And he carried away all his cattle, and all his goods which he had gotten, the cattle of his getting, which he had gotten in Padanaram, for to go to Isaac his father in the land of Canaan.” (Genesis 31:17-18)

Trying To Cheat

2011-11-16T08:31:00.000-08:00

Genesis 30:37-43

After twenty one years of being taken advantage of, Jacob felt he deserved proper some reward for his labor. Though he had a workable understanding of genetics, he was also familiar with an old wives tale that things the mother saw could influence physical characteristics of the baby. The same tale persists in many areas today. Jacob had proposed his offer to Laban, hoping that it would turn out to be true.

“And Jacob took him rods of green poplar, and of the hazel and chestnut tree; and pilled white streaks in them, and made the white appear which was in the rods. And he set the rods which he had pilled before the flocks in the gutters in the watering troughs when the flocks came to drink, that they should conceive when they came to drink.” (Genesis 30:37-38)

Selective breeding depends on selecting the individuals having the desired characteristics and mating them. As we learn form Mendel’s work, initially the ratios of desired characteristics will remain fairly constant, but as time goes on, if only those who possess the desired characteristics are allowed to breed, the number offspring with other characteristics will decrease, eventually becoming quite rare. This is the system by which purebred breeds are derived. Many generations are required to develop a pure strain.

With an incomplete knowledge of genetics, Laban believed that separating the off colored cattle would result in a purebred strain immediately. Jacob had observed that not all the offspring bred true, and since he didn’t know why, he accepted the old wives tale and tried to use it to influence the outcome, by setting multicolored objects in front of the healthiest cattle.

“And the flocks conceived before the rods, and brought forth cattle ringstreaked, speckled, and spotted. And Jacob did separate the lambs, and set the faces of the flocks toward the ringstreaked, and all the brown in the flock of Laban; and he put his own flocks by themselves, and put them not unto Laban's cattle.” (Genesis 30:39-40)

The percentage of off colored cattle was high enough that Jacob was convinced his strategy was working and he continued it, while being very careful to separate the off colored ones to his own herd. He did not deliberately cross breed the off color ones with Laban’s.

“And it came to pass, whensoever the stronger cattle did conceive, that Jacob laid the rods before the eyes of the cattle in the gutters, that they might conceive among the rods. But when the cattle were feeble, he put them not in: so the feebler were Laban's, and the stronger Jacob's. And the man increased exceedingly, and had much cattle, and maidservants, and menservants, and camels, and asses.” (Genesis 30:41-43)

Mendel’s law tells us that in a genetic pool, the ratios of different charateristics will remain the same unless something prevents breeding of some of the characteristics, which is what selective breeding does. Because solid colored cattle were only a small part of the herd, often even those with solid colors also carried mixed color genes. Initially there would be more mixed colors than solids. It wasn’t long before Jacob’s cattle outnumbered Laban’s, and he began to be known as a cattleman himself.

Selective breeding inevitably reduces the genetic pool in other areas beside that of the desired characteristics, and in general, purebred animals are more susceptible to genetic defects and disease than mixed breeds. It wasn’t long before the difference in health began to show up. Believing his efforts were producing the results, Jacob kept them up for about six years. It would not have been long enough to have produced a truly purebred herd, as only about three generations of cattle would have been born.

Jacob Agrees To Stay

2011-11-15T06:46:00.000-08:00

Genesis 30:25-36

“And it came to pass, when Rachel had born Joseph, that Jacob said unto Laban, Send me away, that I may go unto mine own place, and to my country. Give me my wives and my children, for whom I have served thee, and let me go: for thou knowest my service which I have done thee.” (Genesis 30:25-26)

Jacob originally had gone to Padanaram to find a wife. After a month with his uncle he offered to work seven years as a dowry for Rachael. Tricked into taking her sister, he agreed to work another seven years to get the girl he wanted, then stayed another seven years. After twenty one years working for Laban, Jacob decided to go home and introduce his family to his parents.

“And Laban said unto him, I pray thee, if I have found favour in thine eyes, tarry: for I have learned by experience that the LORD hath blessed me for thy sake. And he said, Appoint me thy wages, and I will give it.” (Genesis 30:27-28)

For twenty one years, Laban had had a top notch employee who was willing to work for almost nothing. He knew that much of the growth of his herds was attributable to God having blessed Jacob’s efforts. When informed of Jacobs decision to leave, he realized that he would lose a valuable employee, and the closeness to his grandchildren. In an effort to retain his services, he asked what Jacob would take to stay.

“And he said unto him, Thou knowest how I have served thee, and how thy cattle was with me. For it was little which thou hadst before I came, and it is now increased unto a multitude; and the LORD hath blessed thee since my coming: and now when shall I provide for mine own house also?” (Genesis 30:29-30)

Jacob, the “supplanter” couldn’t pass up an opportunity like that. The same natural instinct that led him to offer a bowl of lentils for Esau’s birthright inspired him to reconsider his decision. To up the probability, and make his proposal more palatable, he reminded Laban of how much benefit he had provided as an unpaid employee. He also stressed that as a result, he had nothing of his own to provide for Laban’s grandchildren.

“And he said, What shall I give thee? And Jacob said, Thou shalt not give me any thing: if thou wilt do this thing for me, I will again feed and keep thy flock. I will pass through all thy flock to day, removing from thence all the speckled and spotted cattle, and all the brown cattle among the sheep, and the spotted and speckled among the goats: and of such shall be my hire. So shall my righteousness answer for me in time to come, when it shall come for my hire before thy face: every one that is not speckled and spotted among the goats, and brown among the sheep, that shall be counted stolen with me.” (Genesis 30:31-33)

After years raising livestock, both Laban and Jacob had a working understanding of genetic principles, although they had not made a formal statements. Many times such practical understandings are more accurate than are those of people have had formal training. Farmers and ranchers are often in conflict with environmental groups because their understanding of natural relationships is so different than the understanding of the educated but inexperienced environmentalist. Their very life depends on maintaining an acceptable relationship.

Since livestock tend to produce offspring that has a similar appearance to their parents, Jacob asked to be allowed to separate out all the off colored cattle and sheep and retain only those of the solid colors. By separating the herds, with Laban and his sons taking the off colored ones, an elementary selective breeding program would be established, minimizing the births of off color cattle and sheep. Jacob would then receive the off colored ones as his wages. Eventually, of colored off spring should be eliminated.

“And Laban said, Behold, I would it might be according to thy word. And he removed that day the he goats that were ringstreaked and spotted, and all the she goats that were speckled and spotted, and every one that had some white in it, and all the brown among the sheep, and gave them into the hand of his sons. And he set three days' journey betwixt himself and Jacob: and Jacob fed the rest of Laban's flocks.” (Genesis 30:34-36)

Laban was glad to accept the offer, having the same understanding. He could retain Jacob’s services with only minimal cost in livestock. He immediately separated all the livestock by color. Then, to make sure there was no possibility of crossbreeding, he separated the different herds by three days journey, Even those who escaped were unlikely to travel such a distance. If he was careful, and things went well. he could get Jacob’s work for almost nothing.

Laban’s father, Bethuel, had been most impressed by the gold Abraham’s servant presented when asking for Rebekah to marry Isaac. Both Laban and Rebekah learned his attitude about wealth, and connived to get ahead. Rebekah had directed Jacob in deceiving his father to obtain the blessing intended for Esau. Laban had connived to get fourteen years labor from Jacob, and instead got twenty one. Cheating has become a way of life, and family relationships will not stand in his way. Often family is the easiest to cheat because they want to trust, and depend on the relationship to protect them.

That Jacob learned and developed the same attitude from his mother was clear from his deception and taking advantage of Esau. That Rachael and Leah learned a similar attitude from Laban is apparent in their conniving to get Jacob’s attention. It is nearly impossible to distinguish how much of a person’s nature is genetic and how much was learned starting on the first day of his life. It will only be changed by powerful forces.

Had Jacob left then, some serious problems would have been avoided, but his interest in possessions kept him there.

The Competition Worsens

2011-11-14T09:06:00.000-08:00

Genesis 30:14-24

There are just a few things God hates, and Proverbs 6:16-19 names seven. “These six things doth the LORD hate: yea, seven are an abomination unto him: A proud look, a lying tongue, and hands that shed innocent blood, An heart that deviseth wicked imaginations, feet that be swift in running to mischief, A false witness that speaketh lies, and he that soweth discord among brethren.” Notice that causing conflict between siblings ranks right along side murder, lying, and deliberate wickedness.

Jacob had married two sisters, and it caused a conflict between them. Nearly five hundred years later, though he never forbid polygamy, God forbid marrying sisters in Leviticus 18:18 because it would cause conflict between them. “Neither shalt thou take a wife to her sister, to vex her, to uncover her nakedness, beside the other in her life time.” Once initiated, the conflict tends to keep growing unless someone makes a deliberate effort to reduce it. The anger and bitterness shows up in many ways.

“And Reuben went in the days of wheat harvest, and found mandrakes in the field, and brought them unto his mother Leah. Then Rachel said to Leah, Give me, I pray thee, of thy son's mandrakes. And she said unto her, Is it a small matter that thou hast taken my husband? and wouldest thou take away my son's mandrakes also? And Rachel said, Therefore he shall lie with thee to night for thy son's mandrakes.” (Genesis 20:14-15)

According to the dictionary, mandrakes are a member of the night shade family, and are toxic if too much is eaten. Found largely in the Mediterranean region, their roots are especially valued for medicinal purposes. Leah’s oldest son, Reuben brought some home, and Rachael asked for some. Innocuous though it was, the request stirred the resentments simmering just below the surface.

Jacob had loved Rachael and thought that was who he was marrying on their wedding night, but their father had switched the girls, and for seven years Leah was Jacob’s only wife. When Jacob took Rachael also, Leah no longer had him to herself, and she blamed Rachael for stealing him. Irrational though it was, the request for some of the mandrakes seemed like she was just trying to take away everything. As the favored wife, Rachael got most of Jacob’s attention, and she offered to allow Leah to enjoy her husband’s company that night. With that offer, Rachael just changed sex from a demonstration of love to bargaining tool to get what one wanted.

“And Jacob came out of the field in the evening, and Leah went out to meet him, and said, Thou must come in unto me; for surely I have hired thee with my son's mandrakes. And he lay with her that night.” (Genesis 30:16)

Prostitution is having sex to obtain something one wants. Though they were husband and wife, the sexual relationship that night was a form of prostitution, The meaning had been destroyed, as was most of the pleasure. Both Leah and Jacob were aware the only reason they were together was the money. It was just a business transaction involving emotions.

“And God hearkened unto Leah, and she conceived, and bare Jacob the fifth son. And Leah said, God hath given me my hire, because I have given my maiden to my husband: and she called his name Issachar. And Leah conceived again, and bare Jacob the sixth son. And Leah said, God hath endued me with a good dowry; now will my husband dwell with me, because I have born him six sons: and she called his name Zebulun. And afterwards she bare a daughter, and called her name Dinah.” (Genesis 30:17-21)

Emotionally bonded to Jacob, Leah was desperate for his love, and hoped that having another child would win it, or at least his attention. When Issachar was born, she felt that she had been vindicated for encouraging Jacob to marry Her maid, Zilpah. When Zebulon was born, she believed it would make Jacob prefer her because she had more sons.

Between Leah, Bilhah and Zilpah, Jacob had ten sons. As the only girl, Dinah was probably a little spoiled and could wrap all of them around her little fingers. Even the other wives would treat her special.

“And God remembered Rachel, and God hearkened to her, and opened her womb. And she conceived, and bare a son; and said, God hath taken away my reproach: And she called his name Joseph; and said, The LORD shall add to me another son.” (Genesis 30:22-24)

Like a lot of other women who don’t get pregnant as soon as they want, Rachael had gotten discouraged and decided to get a child another way, giving her maid, Bilhah as a surrogate mother. As so often happens, after seven years of marriage, and twenty one years after Jacob fell in love with her, Rachael finally had a son. She named him Joseph, meaning “let him add” or “adding” expecting that God would give another as well.

While competition is not always bad, it often leads to sin, just as it did in this case. It would be better to avoid it in most cases.

Growing Competition

2011-11-11T08:56:00.000-08:00

Genesis 30:1-13

Most women seem to have an innate desire to have children and feel incomplete if they don’t. Many cultures have aggravated the feeling of incompleteness by making it appear that a woman who doesn’t have children is not really normal. In at least a few societies, men hesitate to marry a woman who hasn’t had at least one child. Throughout history Kings like Henry the eighth of England divorced wives who didn’t produce sons.

“And when Rachel saw that she bare Jacob no children, Rachel envied her sister; and said unto Jacob, Give me children, or else I die.” (Genesis 30:1)

Both Leah and Rachael knew that Jacob had only married Leah because he’d been tricked, and that he loved Rachael, but he’d been married to Leah a lot longer. Because of Jacob’s preference for Rachael, God had blessed Leah with four sons. Rachael began to fear that he would begin to prefer Leah instead. Like most people who feel insecure, she began to look for somebody to blame.

It is amazing how often people blame an innocent party. A person whose mate is running around on them will usually blame themselves, but an unresponsive or cruel husband or wife blames their mate. Rarely does anyone sit down and accurately assess their own part in the situation. Rachael began to blame Jacob for not giving her children, as if he were in some fashion holding back on her.

“And Jacob's anger was kindled against Rachel: and he said, Am I in God's stead, who hath withheld from thee the fruit of the womb?” (Genesis 30:2)

Blame makes the accused a defendant, putting him on the defensive, whether the charges are valid or not. Most people become angry or fearful when they feel attacked, and respond by either striking back or withdrawing. Either response increases the feelings of insecurity of the accuser. Jacob’s response was typical of a person on the defensive. Notice that he was not wrong in what he said, but that it did nothing to resolve the problem.

“And she said, Behold my maid Bilhah, go in unto her; and she shall bear upon my knees, that I may also have children by her. And she gave him Bilhah her handmaid to wife: and Jacob went in unto her. And Bilhah conceived, and bare Jacob a son. And Rachel said, God hath judged me, and hath also heard my voice, and hath given me a son: therefore called she his name Dan.

And Bilhah Rachel's maid conceived again, and bare Jacob a second son. And Rachel said, With great wrestlings have I wrestled with my sister, and I have prevailed: and she called his name Naphtali.” (Genesis 30:3-8)

Emotions such as anger, fear, and happiness are a natural response to situations. They are the flesh’s reaction to stimulus. Unfortunately many people begin to base decisions on those feelings, sometimes believing they are spiritual. It almost always leads to worse problems because the decisions seldom are logical when viewed in the light of reality.

Fearing that Jacob would stop loving her if she didn’t give him children Rachael gave him her maid Bilhah to be another wife. From an emotional point it made sense to assume that he wanted children more than anything, but it ignored several things. She had no way of knowing if children mattered that much. It ignored the fact of his love, and the fact that she was already in competition with another woman for his love and introducing another woman could only make it worse. Actions of the flesh can only produce fleshly results, and anytime we are acting on our emotions, we are acting in the flesh.

One of the saddest points of the whole story is her statement that it was God’s doing. Notice verse 6, “And Rachel said, God hath judged me, and hath also heard my voice, and hath given me a son: therefore called she his name Dan.” How often when we have acted in the flesh and sinned or caused others to sin, we credit God with the results if they seem to have accomplished our purpose. It is blasphemous to blame God for things he didn’t do.

“When Leah saw that she had left bearing, she took Zilpah her maid, and gave her Jacob to wife. And Zilpah Leah's maid bare Jacob a son. And Leah said, A troop cometh: and she called his name Gad. And Zilpah Leah's maid bare Jacob a second son. And Leah said, Happy am I, for the daughters will call me blessed: and she called his name Asher.” (Genesis 30:9-13)

Fleshly, carnal action almost always elicit a carnal response. Rachael’s demands on Jacob produced anger. Her action in giving Bilhah to be his wife resulted in sexual action by Jacob. It increased Leah’s insecurity and resulted in an increase in competition. Leah then responded the same way Rachael had, giving her maid, Zilpah to be Jacob’s wife. The conflict would eventually involve their sons until, years after her death, the others decide to kill Rachael’s son.

Jacob Fell In Love

2011-11-10T06:30:00.000-08:00

Genesis 29:15-35

After a month of having Jacob around, helping with the cattle and sheep and visiting, Laban didn’t want to lose such valuable help. He decided to take advantage of the family relationship and offered Jacob a job to get him to stick around. Laban’s father had focused on the gold the servant had given Rebekah. Laban focused on what he could get out of Jacob. Even family relationships are affected by human nature.

“And Laban said unto Jacob, Because thou art my brother, shouldest thou therefore serve me for nought? tell me, what shall thy wages be? And Laban had two daughters: the name of the elder was Leah, and the name of the younger was Rachel. Leah was tender eyed; but Rachel was beautiful and well favoured. And Jacob loved Rachel; and said, I will serve thee seven years for Rachel thy younger daughter.” (Genesis 29:15-18)

Jacob had come to Laban for assistance in finding a wife. Jacob had seen Rachael when he first came and fallen for her immediately. While her sister had beautiful eyes, Rachael was far more beautiful of face and very shapely, and Jacob was smitten with her. He offered to work seven years for the privilege of marrying her.

“And Laban said, It is better that I give her to thee, than that I should give her to another man: abide with me. And Jacob served seven years for Rachel; and they seemed unto him but a few days, for the love he had to her. And Jacob said unto Laban, Give me my wife, for my days are fulfilled, that I may go in unto her.” (Genesis 29:19-21)

Seeing an opportunity to get seven years of free labor, and to get her married off to someone he trusted, Laban seized the chance. Who knew how much work he could extract in seven years. It would undoubtedly be more than somebody else would give for a dowry. Jacob was so madly in love that he hardly noticed the passage of time. But after seven years demanded Laban keep his promise.

“And Laban gathered together all the men of the place, and made a feast. And it came to pass in the evening, that he took Leah his daughter, and brought her to him; and he went in unto her. And Laban gave unto his daughter Leah Zilpah his maid for an handmaid.”

“And it came to pass, that in the morning, behold, it was Leah: and he said to Laban, What is this thou hast done unto me? did not I serve with thee for Rachel? wherefore then hast thou beguiled me?” (Genesis 29:22-25)

Knowing how much Jacob loved Rachael and that once he married her, he might decide to return to his family, Laban set out to guarantee another seven years of service. Since guys weren’t just standing in line offering a dowry for Leah he decided to trick Jacob into paying the same for her. Late in the evening, after the lights were out he switched girls, bringing Leah to Jacob instead of Rachael. The next morning when Jacob found out the girl he’d slept with was not Rachael, he was really upset, and accused Laban of tricking him.

“And Laban said, It must not be so done in our country, to give the younger before the firstborn. Fulfil her week, and we will give thee this also for the service which thou shalt serve with me yet seven other years.” (Genesis 29:26-27)

Laban excused himself by claiming that the younger daughter could not marry until her older sibling had married and that thus the agreement was invalid, but that if Jacob would give another seven years, he could have Rachael as well. Since Leah was a virgin, and he’d had sex with her, Jacob could not refuse to accept her as his wife according to Deuteronomy 22:13-19. He still wanted to marry Rachael, so he agreed to the deal. Please understand that polygamy was never specifically forbidden in the Bible, except for those who wish to be pastors or church leaders. Adultery, or sex without taking responsibility, on the other hand, was forbidden.

“And Jacob did so, and fulfilled her week: and he gave him Rachel his daughter to wife also. And Laban gave to Rachel his daughter Bilhah his handmaid to be her maid. And he went in also unto Rachel, and he loved also Rachel more than Leah, and served with him yet seven other years.” (Genesis 29:28-30)

Jacob worked another seven years to get the woman he loved. That he’d been tricked into accepting Leah probably caused some resentment toward her, weakening the relationship. A marriage based on deceit has an extra set of problems to overcome. Couples who marry while concealing prior sexual behavior or because the girl lies about being pregnant have to overcome these lies in addition to the regular marital problems.

“And when the LORD saw that Leah was hated, he opened her womb: but Rachel was barren. And Leah conceived, and bare a son, and she called his name Reuben: for she said, Surely the LORD hath looked upon my affliction; now therefore my husband will love me. And she conceived again, and bare a son; and said, Because the LORD hath heard that I was hated, he hath therefore given me this son also: and she called his name Simeon. And she conceived again, and bare a son; and said, Now this time will my husband be joined unto me, because I have born him three sons: therefore was his name called Levi. And she conceived again, and bare a son: and she said, Now will I praise the LORD: therefore she called his name Judah; and left bearing.” (Genesis 29:31-35)

Under the Mosaic law, a man who married another woman could not neglect his responsibilities to his first wife because he loved the second one more. Both Exodus 21:10 and Deuteronomy 21:15-17 stress the responsibility. Because Jacob was not fulfilling his responsibility to love her, God intervened on Leah’s behalf, giving her children and preventing Rachael from having them.

Even after being cheated and tricked, because it was family, Jacob stayed seven more years. We’d like to think our family always had our best interest at heart, but it is not always true.

A Family Reunion

2011-11-09T08:18:00.000-08:00

Genesis 29:1-14

“Then Jacob went on his journey, and came into the land of the people of the east. And he looked, and behold a well in the field, and, lo, there were three flocks of sheep lying by it; for out of that well they watered the flocks: and a great stone was upon the well's mouth. And thither were all the flocks gathered: and they rolled the stone from the well's mouth, and watered the sheep, and put the stone again upon the well's mouth in his place.” (Genesis 29:1-3)

After his dream of angels ascending and descending from heaven and speaking with God at Bethel, Jacob continued his journey toward Haran and Padanaram. Having never been there he was dependent on instructions from his mother and other travelers. Fortunately walking gives the opportunity to really observe one’s way so the instructions were quite detailed and accurate. After several days travel, he came to a well with three flocks of sheep waiting nearby,

In arid country, sources of water are critical and both men and animals are drawn to them. To prevent animals from falling in and polluting the water, they would be lined with stones and a large flat stone placed over the mouth. To obtain water it was necessary to remove the stone. These stones could weigh several hundred pounds and were very difficult for one person to remove. The shepherds usually waited until several were available to help remove the stone and replace it.

“And Jacob said unto them, My brethren, whence be ye? And they said, Of Haran are we. And he said unto them, Know ye Laban the son of Nahor? And they said, We know him. And he said unto them, Is he well? And they said, He is well: and, behold, Rachel his daughter cometh with the sheep.” (Genesis 29:4-6)

It had been nearly eighty years since Rebekah had left her father’s home to marry Isaac. Hoping to get more current directions to Laban’s house, Jacob began to question the sheepherders. Imagine his surprise when they told him one of the approaching flocks was Laban’s and that his daughter was herding them. She could show him where to go.

“And he said, Lo, it is yet high day, neither is it time that the cattle should be gathered together: water ye the sheep, and go and feed them. And they said, We cannot, until all the flocks be gathered together, and till they roll the stone from the well's mouth; then we water the sheep.” (Genesis 29:7-8)

Jacob than asked them why they didn’t go ahead and water their sheep so they wouldn’t be interfering with each other. Their answer was that the stone was so heavy they had to wait until the others were there to help them.

“And while he yet spake with them, Rachel came with her father's sheep: for she kept them. And it came to pass, when Jacob saw Rachel the daughter of Laban his mother's brother, and the sheep of Laban his mother's brother, that Jacob went near, and rolled the stone from the well's mouth, and watered the flock of Laban his mother's brother.” (Genesis 29:9-10)

When he saw his cousin, Jacob didn’t want anything to interfere with her getting the sheep watered, so he moved the stone for them, and helped water Laban’s sheep. Funny how a little motivation enables us to do things others won’t try.

“And Jacob kissed Rachel, and lifted up his voice, and wept. And Jacob told Rachel that he was her father's brother, and that he was Rebekah's son: and she ran and told her father.” (Genesis 29:11-12)

To finally meet his relatives was undoubtedly an emotional event for Jacob and for Rachael. When he explained who he was she left the sheep and ran home to tell her parents he was there. With no phones or regular mail, communication was difficult and a personal visit might bring everyone up to date.

“And it came to pass, when Laban heard the tidings of Jacob his sister's son, that he ran to meet him, and embraced him, and kissed him, and brought him to his house. And he told Laban all these things. And Laban said to him, Surely thou art my bone and my flesh. And he abode with him the space of a month.” (Genesis 29:13-14)

Laban was equally thrilled to meet his nephew. After Jacob explained who he was and why he’d come, Laban reminded him that he was family. They spent a whole month just enjoying getting acquainted and sharing news about their family. It reminds me of the relationships our family used to share.

We would go for several days, with the kids sleeping on the floor, or sometimes in a tent outside while the adults would occupy the bedrooms. Us kids had a wonderful time playing with our cousins and seeing what the others had, while our parents would sit up half the night playing Chinese checkers or dominos and talking. During the day, we’d have picnic lunches or grill hamburgers and play workup or volleyball or go for drives through the country. If the home we visited had things to do, such as painting the house or building fence or hauling hay, everyone would pitch in to get the job done. After several days, everyone would go home, looking forward to getting together again next year. They were some of the most memorable events in my life, and our culture has lost a lot by neglecting such family relationships.

Jacob Meets The Lord

2011-11-08T07:23:00.000-08:00

Genesis 28:10-22

“And Jacob went out from Beersheba, and went toward Haran. And he lighted upon a certain place, and tarried there all night, because the sun was set; and he took of the stones of that place, and put them for his pillows, and lay down in that place to sleep.” (Genesis 28:10-11)

In accordance with his parents wishes, that he would look for a girl with a suitable upbringing to marry, Jacob set out to his Padanaram in Haran to his uncle’s home. About fifty miles from Beersheba, because it was getting dark, Jacob stopped for the night, placing some stones where they would support his body most comfortably. In Boy Scouts, I learned to scrape out holes in the ground instead. Today most people use an air mattress instead. Some have wondered if it was not the rock under his head that caused his dreams. It wasn't.

“And he dreamed, and behold a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven: and behold the angels of God ascending and descending on it. And, behold, the LORD stood above it, and said, I am the LORD God of Abraham thy father, and the God of Isaac: the land whereon thou liest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed; And thy seed shall be as the dust of the earth, and thou shalt spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south: and in thee and in thy seed shall all the families of the earth be blessed.

And, behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee in all places whither thou goest, and will bring thee again into this land; for I will not leave thee, until I have done that which I have spoken to thee of.” (Genesis 28:12-15)

In his dream, God revealed himself as the same God Abraham and Isaac worshipped. He then summed up all the promises he’d made to Abraham in Genesis more than a hundred years before, that Jacob’s descendants would own the entire area, and that they would be a blessing to all the earth. The last is clearly a reference to salvation through Christ.

God then went on to give some personal promises to Jacob himself, that he would be with him to protect and bless him wherever he went, that he would bring him safely back to the land of Canaan, and that he would not leave him everything was complete. The last part is essentially the same promise he makes to Christians today in Hebrews 13:5-6. “Let your conversation be without covetousness; and be content with such things as ye have: for he hath said, I will never leave thee, nor forsake thee. So that we may boldly say, The Lord is my helper, and I will not fear what man shall do unto me.” Both the promise to Jacob and the one to Christians are unconditional, based solely on the faithfulness of God with no stipulations of behavior on the individual’s part.

“And Jacob awaked out of his sleep, and he said, Surely the LORD is in this place; and I knew it not. And he was afraid, and said, How dreadful is this place! this is none other but the house of God, and this is the gate of heaven.

And Jacob rose up early in the morning, and took the stone that he had put for his pillows, and set it up for a pillar, and poured oil upon the top of it. And he called the name of that place Bethel: but the name of that city was called Luz at the first.” (Genesis 28:16-19)

Notice Jacob’s reaction? “And he was afraid, and said, How dreadful is this place!”? Almost every biblical vision of including Moses, Ezekiel, Daniel, Paul, and John refer to the same sense of fear and awe, and an awareness of their own sinful state. Many today who claim to have had a vision of God describe it totally differently, as a wonderful pleasant experience. Based on Paul’s comments in II Corinthians 11:13-15, I have to wonder if they have not been deceived by Satan, “For such are false apostles, deceitful workers, transforming themselves into the apostles of Christ. And no marvel; for Satan himself is transformed into an angel of light. Therefore it is no great thing if his ministers also be transformed as the ministers of righteousness; whose end shall be according to their works.” Only after we have confessed and been cleansed is meeting God wonderful. The first contact is always frightening.

Jacob then proceeded to set up one of the stones as a pillar and poured olive oil on it as an offering to God calling the place Bethel, “the House of God.” It was called Luz by the Canaanites. It is the same place Abraham built his first altar and worshipped God when he came to the land, and where he built another altar after being driven out of Egypt. It continued to be a place of worship throughout most of the Old testament, reminding them of their Heritage as God‘s chosen people. For the Christian, there should be some places that have a similar meaning.

“And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, If God will be with me, and will keep me in this way that I go, and will give me bread to eat, and raiment to put on, So that I come again to my father's house in peace; then shall the LORD be my God: And this stone, which I have set for a pillar, shall be God's house: and of all that thou shalt give me I will surely give the tenth unto thee.” (Genesis 28:20-22)

When God made a similar promise to Abraham, Genesis 15:6 declares, “And he believed in the LORD; and he counted it to him for righteousness.” Instead of accepting God’s promise by faith, Jacob tried to make a deal. If God would keep his promise, bringing him safely back to Canaan, then Jacob would make him his God and worship him. His failure to trust God completely explains many of the struggles Jacob would go through for the next twenty years, until he finally surrendered. That same lack of trust is one reason there are so many unsaved in churches today. They don’t want to commit themselves until they have received the promises. They are the ones described in Hebrews 6:4-6. Like Jacob, some of them eventually turn to the Lord. Those who turn away never come back.

Trying to Rebuild His Relationship With His Parents

2011-11-07T09:33:00.000-08:00

Genesis 28:6-9

Imagine a bunch of balloons stuffed into a box. Every time one balloon loses a little air, the pressures and relationships of all the other balloons are affected, although they may not be noticed. If a balloon pops, or another one is added, the effects are more noticeable. Human relationships are much the same way. A change in one affects all the others in some way, although the changes may not be noticed.

Living in constant contact with the Hittites, Esau had been attracted to two of the women and married them. Genesis 26:34-35 describes it. “And Esau was forty years old when he took to wife Judith the daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and Bashemath the daughter of Elon the Hittite: Which were a grief of mind unto Isaac and to Rebekah.”

Because his wives didn’t feel comfortable around his parents, Esau probably spent less time with his parents than he otherwise would have. Unfortunately this probably also resulted in some resentment toward his wives. Undoubtedly, there were also tensions between the wives which also strained their relationship with him.

“When Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob, and sent him away to Padanaram, to take him a wife from thence; and that as he blessed him he gave him a charge, saying, Thou shalt not take a wife of the daughters of Canaan; And that Jacob obeyed his father and his mother, and was gone to Padanaram; And Esau seeing that the daughters of Canaan pleased not Isaac his father; Then went Esau unto Ishmael, and took unto the wives which he had Mahalath the daughter of Ishmael Abraham's son, the sister of Nebajoth, to be his wife.” (Genesis 28:6-9)

Looking for a way to improve his relationship with his parents, Esau saw how they had sent Jacob away to find a wife they approved. That they specifically charged him not to marry a local girl made it clear that the separation was the result of his marriage choice. Hoping to find a girl his parents would welcome into their home, Esau went down to his uncle Ishmael’s home, and married one of Ishmael’s daughters.

In modern culture, divorce is viewed as acceptable and polygamy is not, but in their culture it was. In the modern world, he would have left his first two wives, and remarried. He would still be required to pay child support and perhaps alimony. The biggest difference between then and now is taking responsibility for their actions.

Conflict with inlaws and friends is a major factor in much of the divorce today. Introducing a new relationship changes all the old ones but may not relieve the tensions. Both parents and children need to learn to consider the effects their actions may have on other people’s lives.

One relationship that is affected but often ignored is that between a person and God. I Peter 3:7 emphasizes the effect of marriage relationships on our relationship with God. “Likewise, ye husbands, dwell with them according to knowledge, giving honour unto the wife, as unto the weaker vessel, and as being heirs together of the grace of life; that your prayers be not hindered.” II Corinthians 7 deals with several aspects of this.

Sent Away For His Safety

2011-11-04T08:56:00.000-07:00

Genesis 27:41-28:5

“And Esau hated Jacob because of the blessing wherewith his father blessed him: and Esau said in his heart, The days of mourning for my father are at hand; then will I slay my brother Jacob.” (Genesis 27:41)

Esau had counted his birthright, God’s promises as of little value initially and had traded them off for immediate pleasure. Like most people who focus on their desires and feelings, later he regretted his decision but it had been his choice. When Jacob took the blessing by trickery, however, the sense of having been taken advantage of was renewed and anger resulted. After hearing what the blessing entailed, that his family would be subject to Jacob’s, it turned to hatred.

His father’s concern about his impending death convinced Esau that it would be soon and he decided to wait until his father was dead before killing Jacob. He didn’t realize that the focus on death was primarily a result of depression and that Isaac would live more than twenty five more years. In his frustration, he told someone his plans.

“And these words of Esau her elder son were told to Rebekah: and she sent and called Jacob her younger son, and said unto him, Behold, thy brother Esau, as touching thee, doth comfort himself, purposing to kill thee. Now therefore, my son, obey my voice; and arise, flee thou to Laban my brother to Haran; And tarry with him a few days, until thy brother's fury turn away; Until thy brother's anger turn away from thee, and he forget that which thou hast done to him: then I will send, and fetch thee from thence: why should I be deprived also of you both in one day?” (Genesis 27:42-45)

Esau’s plan was overheard and repeated to Rebekah, and she took action to protect Jacob, sending him to stay with her brother near Haran, in present day Syria until esau would forget about his anger. Fortunately Esau was not one who held grudges forever, and would eventually forget, although while angry, he would willingly kill someone.

“And Rebekah said to Isaac, I am weary of my life because of the daughters of Heth: if Jacob take a wife of the daughters of Heth, such as these which are of the daughters of the land, what good shall my life do me?” (Genesis 27:46)

Rather than telling Isaac openly what was going on, Rebekah again used trickery to manipulate Isaac. It was a trait she had learned from her family, as we see later, and Jacob had learned it from her. The attitude will be very hard to eradicate.

Both Isaac and Rebekah had been upset by Esau’s marriages to Hittite women, and the conflict had only worsened. Rebekah told Isaac that if Jacob marries one of them, her efforts to teach her children properly will have been wasted. If Jacob stays in the area, he is unlikely to meet any suitable girls. After all, they had had to send to Haran to find her for Isaac.

“And Isaac called Jacob, and blessed him, and charged him, and said unto him, Thou shalt not take a wife of the daughters of Canaan. Arise, go to Padanaram, to the house of Bethuel thy mother's father; and take thee a wife from thence of the daughters of Laban thy mother's brother. And God Almighty bless thee, and make thee fruitful, and multiply thee, that thou mayest be a multitude of people; And give thee the blessing of Abraham, to thee, and to thy seed with thee; that thou mayest inherit the land wherein thou art a stranger, which God gave unto Abraham.” (Genesis 28:1-4)

Like most people who develop the habit of manipulating others, Rebekah didn’t realize she didn’t need to do so. Manipulation implies only the manipulator is capable of making good decisions, and is very degrading. Isaac was already concerned that if Jacob was to receive the promises God had made, he would need a wife who would teach his children to follow God’s commands. He may well have been holding off suggesting it simply because he suspected she would resist the idea. When it was suggested, he wasted no time sending Jacob on his way, reminding him of the birthright and God’s promises.

“And Isaac sent away Jacob: and he went to Padanaram unto Laban, son of Bethuel the Syrian, the brother of Rebekah, Jacob's and Esau's mother.” (Genesis 28:5)

Like Abraham had done with his servant, Isaac sent Jacob to the area of Haran, to the city of Padanaram, where Rebekah’s family lived. Their attitudes were at least familiar and there was a familial incentive to help him find a proper mate. Rebekah probably never admitted it was her effort to manipulate Isaac into blessing Jacob that caused Esau’s hatred. Most manipulative people never recognize the effects of their actions, looking only at the immediate results.

A Stolen Blessing

2011-11-03T09:31:00.000-07:00

Genesis 27:1-40

“And it came to pass, that when Isaac was old, and his eyes were dim, so that he could not see, he called Esau his eldest son, and said unto him, My son: and he said unto him, Behold, here am I. And he said, Behold now, I am old, I know not the day of my death: Now therefore take, I pray thee, thy weapons, thy quiver and thy bow, and go out to the field, and take me some venison; And make me savoury meat, such as I love, and bring it to me, that I may eat; that my soul may bless thee before I die.” (Genesis 27:1-4)

Isaac was a hundred when Esau got married. Jacob had apparently shown no interest in marriage for several more years. Probably about the time he was a a hundred and thirty, he began losing his eyesight. While not blind, he could no longer distinguish people’s features. Though he would live to be a hundred and eighty, he got concerned that things needed to be taken care of before his death. Modern doctors would probably say he developed cataracts and became depressed over the loss of his sight.

While he had always favored him, as his sight worsened, Esau’s hunting stories became even more interesting, giving him something to think about. He instructed Esau to make a trip especially for him, with the promise that after enjoying his favorite food, he would bestow a blessing on him.

The blessing was a prophetic statement of what they expected and hoped the recipient would achieve in life based on what they knew of the child’s nature and sometimes special things God revealed to them. Like the expression of confidence by a parent today, it could be a tremendous source of comfort and encouragement in times of difficulty, and also provide a goal to strive for. How many successful people of today credit much of their success to a parent or teacher who expressed their belief in them?

“And Rebekah heard when Isaac spake to Esau his son. And Esau went to the field to hunt for venison, and to bring it. And Rebekah spake unto Jacob her son, saying, Behold, I heard thy father speak unto Esau thy brother, saying, Bring me venison, and make me savoury meat, that I may eat, and bless thee before the LORD before my death. Now therefore, my son, obey my voice according to that which I command thee. Go now to the flock, and fetch me from thence two good kids of the goats; and I will make them savoury meat for thy father, such as he loveth: And thou shalt bring it to thy father, that he may eat, and that he may bless thee before his death.” (Genesis 27:5-10)

While it is quite common, and even encouraged in some cultures, favoring one child causes conflicts between the children. It can also result in the spouse trying to protecting the less favored, causing conflict between spouses. It was exactly the situation that existed in Isaac’s home. Rebekah set out to deceive Isaac to obtain favor for Jacob because she knew Isaac would favor Esau.

“And Jacob said to Rebekah his mother, Behold, Esau my brother is a hairy man, and I am a smooth man: My father peradventure will feel me, and I shall seem to him as a deceiver; and I shall bring a curse upon me, and not a blessing.

And his mother said unto him, Upon me be thy curse, my son: only obey my voice, and go fetch me them. And he went, and fetched, and brought them to his mother: and his mother made savoury meat, such as his father loved. And Rebekah took goodly raiment of her eldest son Esau, which were with her in the house, and put them upon Jacob her younger son: And she put the skins of the kids of the goats upon his hands, and upon the smooth of his neck: And she gave the savoury meat and the bread, which she had prepared, into the hand of her son Jacob.” (Genesis 27:11-17)

Knowing his father favored Esau, Jacob was concerned that he would incur his fathers’s wrath if the subterfuge was discovered. As a man of spiritual power, Isaac might well utter a curse in his anger that God would honor. Rebekah had already thought of what would be required and was prepared to take the blame and the penalty should he be found out, so Jacob followed her plan.

Just as Abraham and Sarah had tried to make God’s promise happen by having a child by Hagar, Rebekah was trying to fulfill God’s promise in Genesis 25:23 by deceiving Isaac. Her efforts, like Abraham and Sarah’s, will result in a lot of unnecessary conflict and sorrow.

“And he came unto his father, and said, My father: and he said, Here am I; who art thou, my son? And Jacob said unto his father, I am Esau thy firstborn; I have done according as thou badest me: arise, I pray thee, sit and eat of my venison, that thy soul may bless me.

And Isaac said unto his son, How is it that thou hast found it so quickly, my son? And he said, Because the LORD thy God brought it to me.

And Isaac said unto Jacob, Come near, I pray thee, that I may feel thee, my son, whether thou be my very son Esau or not.

And Jacob went near unto Isaac his father; and he felt him, and said, The voice is Jacob's voice, but the hands are the hands of Esau. And he discerned him not, because his hands were hairy, as his brother Esau's hands: so he blessed him.

And he said, Art thou my very son Esau? And he said, I am. And he said, Bring it near to me, and I will eat of my son's venison, that my soul may bless thee. And he brought it near to him, and he did eat: and he brought him wine, and he drank.” (Genesis 27:18-25)

Rebekah didn’t dare wait too long because it was impossible to predict how long it would take Esau to find a deer. Isaac was suspicious when Jacob showed up so soon, but Jacob lied about how he had gotten the meat, and careful preparation ensured he wouldn’t be able to taste the difference. Isaac recognized the voice was different than that of esau, and asked for more identification, in the form of touch. Again, Rebekah’s planning paid off, and Isaac was deceived.

“And his father Isaac said unto him, Come near now, and kiss me, my son. And he came near, and kissed him: and he smelled the smell of his raiment, and blessed him, and said, See, the smell of my son is as the smell of a field which the LORD hath blessed: Therefore God give thee of the dew of heaven, and the fatness of the earth, and plenty of corn and wine: Let people serve thee, and nations bow down to thee: be lord over thy brethren, and let thy mother's sons bow down to thee: cursed be every one that curseth thee, and blessed be he that blesseth thee.” (Genesis 27:26-29)

The final proof, as far as Isaac was concerned was the smell of Esau’s clothing. Jacob had washed off his natural smell and changed into Esau’s clothing even though his father wouldn’t be able to see it. It was this attention to detail that made the deception succeed. The blessing he received was just an expanded version of what God had promised him in Genesis 25:23.

“And it came to pass, as soon as Isaac had made an end of blessing Jacob, and Jacob was yet scarce gone out from the presence of Isaac his father, that Esau his brother came in from his hunting. And he also had made savoury meat, and brought it unto his father, and said unto his father, Let my father arise, and eat of his son's venison, that thy soul may bless me.” (Genesis 27:30-31)

It was a good thing Rebekah had rushed getting Jacob in because Esau wasn’t very much longer, arriving just moments after Jacob left his father, with his food already prepared.

“And Isaac his father said unto him, Who art thou? And he said, I am thy son, thy firstborn Esau.

And Isaac trembled very exceedingly, and said, Who? where is he that hath taken venison, and brought it me, and I have eaten of all before thou camest, and have blessed him? yea, and he shall be blessed.

And when Esau heard the words of his father, he cried with a great and exceeding bitter cry, and said unto his father, Bless me, even me also, O my father.

And he said, Thy brother came with subtlety, and hath taken away thy blessing.” (Genesis 27:32-35)

The sound of Esau’s voice removed any doubt in Isaac’s mind that he had been tricked. It had to have been Jacob who had been there before.

“And he said, Is not he rightly named Jacob? for he hath supplanted me these two times: he took away my birthright; and, behold, now he hath taken away my blessing. And he said, Hast thou not reserved a blessing for me?” (Genesis 27:36)

Esau considered how fitting that Jacob’s name meant a ‘supplanter’ or ‘usurper’ of some one else’s position. He then blamed Jacob for having taken away his birthright, although it had only happened with his own consent. What he had dismissed as unimportant suddenly assumed gigantic proportions. Esau then begged for any blessing Isaac might have reserved for Jacob.

“And Isaac answered and said unto Esau, Behold, I have made him thy lord, and all his brethren have I given to him for servants; and with corn and wine have I sustained him: and what shall I do now unto thee, my son?

And Esau said unto his father, Hast thou but one blessing, my father? bless me, even me also, O my father. And Esau lifted up his voice, and wept.

And Isaac his father answered and said unto him, Behold, thy dwelling shall be the fatness of the earth, and of the dew of heaven from above; And by thy sword shalt thou live, and shalt serve thy brother; and it shall come to pass when thou shalt have the dominion, that thou shalt break his yoke from off thy neck.” (Genesis 27:38-40)

Once Esau had sold his birthright, there was no way he could get it back, and much as he and Isaac wanted to stop it, the birthright included the blessing. While Jacob was wrong in obtaining it that way, it was rightfully his.

Finally Jacob blessed Esau with the promise that he would live in a rich country, enjoying the blessings of the soil and surviving by military might. While his descendants would be subjects of Israel, they would eventually break free.

Esau Gets Married

2011-11-02T08:55:00.000-07:00

Genesis 26:34-35

Esau was a sportsman. He enjoyed hunting and fishing and getting out into nature. While he had grown up in a good and godly home, the things of God were far less important to him than his sports. When it came to choice between his pleasure and God’s promises, he chose the pleasure, trading off the birthright for a quick snack. Genesis 25:34 tells us, “…Esau despised his birthright.” His primary concern was his own enjoyment, rather than anyone else’s. While he wasn’t rebellious toward God, he just didn’t have time for him. The attitude showed up again in his choosing a wife.

“And Esau was forty years old when he took to wife Judith the daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and Bashemath the daughter of Elon the Hittite: Which were a grief of mind unto Isaac and to Rebekah.” (Genesis 26:34-35)

Esau gave no thought to what either his parents or God would think about the woman he chose. After all, he was old enough to make his own decisions, and they wouldn’t have to live with her. She was attractive and exciting, and fun to be around, so he married her. They’d just have to accept her. It is the same attitude most people portray today. Few stop to think how selfish the attitude is, or what effect it will have on them, seeing only the immediate pleasure.

Our choice of mate is going to affect our relationship with our family. After all, the parents have invested a lot of their life into the child’s development and will resent what destroys it. If the mate gets along well with the family, the ties may be strengthened, but if there is conflict, the relationship may become very strained. A selfish mate or a selfish parent can force the child to choose between their mate and their parents, creating severe emotional distress, which further irritates both sides. Ultimately this may produce total estrangement from one or the other, or both. Many times, a divorced child blames his parents for the problem and avoids them as well as his mate.

Unfortunately, the person getting married is usually too close to get a clear picture of what the person they are dating is really like. Parents and friends may obtain a more complete view simply because they are less emotionally involved. On the other hand, parents or friends who are selfish or controlling are too emotionally involved to make good assessments either.

Our choice of who we marry also affects our relationship with God. An unbelieving mate may force one to choose between doing what pleases God and what pleases them. This creates a tension that may eventually destroy either the relationship with God or the marriage, or both. It is pretty selfish to ignore the effects of such a marriage.

Once the decision has been made, however, the parents have no right to break it up. Isaac and Rebekah could not force Esau to divorce Judith and Bashemath, no matter how much they disapproved. As Matthew 19:6 says, “…What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder.” Parents who seek to break up their children’s marriages are no different than any body else who tries to break up a marriage. They are trying to destroy what God set in place. It is not pleasing to him.

A Restored Relationship

2011-11-01T11:09:00.000-07:00

Genesis 26:23-33

“And he went up from thence to Beersheba. And the LORD appeared unto him the same night, and said, I am the God of Abraham thy father: fear not, for I am with thee, and will bless thee, and multiply thy seed for my servant Abraham's sake.” (Genesis 26:23-24)

After spending some peaceful time in Rehoboth, Isaac returned to Abrahams home base of Beersheba. Immediately, the same night he moved there, God spoke to him. Isaac had gone to the Philistines because he felt it was a logical move due to the famine. While he was there God had forbidden him to go to Egypt. Isaac had then tried to protect himself by lying, rather than trusting God.

I am reminded of a little boy playing in his yard while his father works in the garden. As the boy moves away from his father, communication between them gradually diminishes. Unless the father sees something actively dangerous or wrong, he probably will not call out to the boy to interrupt his play. If the boy begins to play close to where his father is working, the father may start a conversation. Like Isaac, we often become so involved with our own activities we don’t realize we have moved out of conversation range and will only hear God if he yells to warn us of danger. If we drift too far, or get too involved, we may not hear him even then. When Isaac came back, God re-established the conversation.

“And he builded an altar there, and called upon the name of the LORD, and pitched his tent there: and there Isaac's servants digged a well.” (Genesis 26:25)

When he again began to converse freely with the Lord, Isaac understood how much he had missed the communication with God and built an altar asnd called on the name of the Lord. He also determined to stay a while and began to put down some roots, digging a well.

“Then Abimelech went to him from Gerar, and Ahuzzath one of his friends, and Phichol the chief captain of his army. And Isaac said unto them, Wherefore come ye to me, seeing ye hate me, and have sent me away from you?” (Genesis 26:26-27)

From the description of his treatment of both Abraham and Isaac, Abimelech appears to have been a somewhat godly man. Isaac’s presence and growing influence had had detrimental implications for Abimelech and his people and Isaac had been asked to move away. Isaac was resentful and blamed the Philistines, not realizing the estrangement was the result of his own moving away from God. As I Corinthians 3:1-3 warns, conflict with other Christians is and indicator of an unspiritual state.

“And they said, We saw certainly that the LORD was with thee: and we said, Let there be now an oath betwixt us, even betwixt us and thee, and let us make a covenant with thee; That thou wilt do us no hurt, as we have not touched thee, and as we have done unto thee nothing but good, and have sent thee away in peace: thou art now the blessed of the LORD.” (Genesis 26:28-29)

When Isaac began to walk with God again, cause of the conflict was removed, and the Philistines actively sought to re-establish friendly relations. As they pointed out, they had not done wrong to Isaac, nor him to them, but because of separation from God conflict had developed. Just as frustration in our marriage may lead to conflicts with others, the dissatisfaction with our relationship with God will interfere with our relationship to others. Conflicts with others will also affect our relationship with God, so Matthew 5:23-24 instruct us to correct those things as well.

“And he made them a feast, and they did eat and drink. And they rose up betimes in the morning, and sware one to another: and Isaac sent them away, and they departed from him in peace.” (Genesis 26:30-31)

With the conflict resolved, fellowship was restored, and they spent time together and separated in peace.

“And it came to pass the same day, that Isaac's servants came, and told him concerning the well which they had digged, and said unto him, We have found water. And he called it Shebah: therefore the name of the city is Beersheba unto this day.” (Genesis 26:32-33)

Isn’t it amazing how often when the relationship is restored, God blesses in physical ways as well? Just as Isaac built an altar in appreciation, God gave physical blessings to show his appreciation for the restored relationship. Communion with God was restored, personal conflicts ended, and physical blessings were experienced. Think of the immense pleasure that must have caused.